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1 |
発音と読み方 |
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7 |
接辞 |
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13 |
接辞 2 |
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1 |
Pronunciation |
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7 |
Affix |
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13 |
Affix 2 |
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2 |
会話について |
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8 |
疑問文 |
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14 |
補足 |
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2 |
About Conversation |
conversation |
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8 |
Interrogative |
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14 |
Appendices |
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3 |
日常会話 |
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9 |
否定文 |
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3 |
Daily Conversation |
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9 |
Negative |
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4 |
主語と述語 |
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10 |
命令文 |
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4 |
Subject and Predicate |
10 |
Imperative |
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5 |
簡単な句 |
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11 |
複合文(助動詞を使った文) |
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5 |
Simple Phrases |
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11 |
Compound |
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6 |
時制 |
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12 |
文字の変化 |
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6 |
Tense |
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12 |
Inflection |
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| 1 |
発音と読み方 |
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1 |
Pronunciation and the way
of reading |
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| 1-1 |
母音の発音は殆ど日本語と同じです。自分で話す場合は、「あいうえお」でかまいません。 |
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1-1 |
The pronunciation of the vowel is almost the
same as Japanese "a-e-i-o-u". |
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聞いていると、「い」と「え」が、また「う」と「お」が近い発音をします。 |
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But
"i" and "e" have close pronunciation while
"u" and "o" are close also. |
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i と e 、 u と o は発音が似ているため、書かれた場合しばしば混同されます。 |
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"i" sounds stronger than
"e" while "u" sounds stronger than "o". |
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このテキストでも混同があります。 |
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"u" and "o" or
"i" and "e" are sometimes confused when they are written. |
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もともと、ビサヤの言葉は沖縄と同じように、3母音の言語に属します。 |
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Originally Visayan is three vowel language
same as Okinawa's. |
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ですから話すときは「あ、え、お」の3母音と思って良いでしょう。 |
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| 1-2 |
子音の発音 |
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1-2 |
Pronunciation of Consonant |
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子音はほぼローマ字読みで良く、注意する必要のあるのは g, ng, r, l です。 |
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It's almost read as Roman alphabet, but you
must be careful "g, ng" |
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[g] は強音の発音で、 [ng] は1文字として扱います。(n+g)ではありません。 |
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"g" should be pronounced of strong
sound [g] of
English "go". |
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発音も「ング」ではありません。「グ」の鼻音です。 |
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"ng" is pronounced as one
character. It is not
"n-g" but nasal of "g". |
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日本語の「銀河」をビサイヤ風に書くと、gin-nga となります。 |
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The pronunciation of "ng" is same as
English "ng" of "Song" |
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[r] は、日本語の「らりるれろ」と殆ど同じです。 |
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[l] は、英語の[l] に同じ。 |
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| 1-3 |
語尾の発音 [t] [k] |
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1-3 |
A consonant in word-final position of
"t" or "k" |
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最後が[t] または[k] で終わる場合、例えば dagat, bulak等は「ダガッt 」、 |
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In case the consonant in word-final position
is "t" or "k", the fore vowel sounds |
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「ボラッk 」の様に「ッ」の発音が入ります。 |
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short and interupted like "cut, get "
in English. |
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| 1-4 |
例外的読み方 |
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1-4 |
The exceptional way of reading. |
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「mga」 複数を表す冠詞で「manga」(マガ)と書かれた場合と全く同じに読みます。 |
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The article "mga" which shows plural
is read in the exactly same way with "manga". |
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| 1-5 |
ハイフンのある時の読み方 (アポストロフィ ' でも書きます。) |
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1-5 |
The way of reading when there is a
hyphen/apostrophe |
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pag-abut (pag'abut) パグアボットと読み、パガボットと続けません。 |
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"pag-abut"; Read separately
"pag" and "abut", do not continue "pa-ga-but". |
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dad-i (dad'i) ダドゥイと読み、ダディと続けません。 |
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"dad-i"; Read "dad" and
"i", do not continue "da-di". |
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| 1-6 |
子音「j」の読み方 |
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1-6 |
How to read a consonant "j" |
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「Jagna」 ハグナ 「Jasmin」 ハスミン 「Juan」 フアン 等と J を H に発音する固有名詞もあ |
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There are proper nouns in which "J"
is pronounced as "H" like "Jagna, Jasmin, Juan". |
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ります(スペイン語起源)。 「Joe」 ジョー のように J として発音する場合もあります(英語起源)。 |
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It may be Spanish origin, while others like
English origin "Joe" may be pronounced as "J". |
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| 1-7 |
「tsa」 [tse」 [tsi」 [tso」 「tsu」の読み方 |
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1-7 |
How to read "tsa", "tse",
"tsi", "tso", "tsu" |
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[tsa」チャ 「tse」チェ 「tsi」チェ 「tso」チョ 「tsu」チョ と読みます。 |
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Yo can pronounce "tsa, tse, tsi, tso,
tsu" like as "cha, che, che, cho, cho" |
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「ts」 を 「ch」と思えば、発音しやすいでしょう。 |
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ただ、単語によっては「ツァ」 「ツェ」 「ツォ」と発音する人もいます。 |
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| 1-8 |
単語毎の発音 |
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1-8 |
Read/Pronounce words separately |
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ビサヤ語は、英語のような単語同士をくっつけた発音はしません。ひとつひとつの単語で |
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They don't pronounce the words continuously or
clingingly. |
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発音します。(英語のI'm afraid アイマフレイド のように前の単語の子音と次の単語の母音 |
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For example; "Ang iyang sapot"
should be pronounced "ang-iyang-sapot", not
"angiyang-sapot" |
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が一緒になることはありません。) |
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It means the last consonant of the former word
would not cling to the vowel of the next word. |
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| 1-9 |
アクセント |
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1-9 |
Accent |
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殆どの場合、アクセントは、単語の最後の音節か、最後から2番目の音節にきます。(除く外来語) |
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Most of the cases the accent of words are on
the last syllable or the second to the last (penult). |
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| 2 |
会話について |
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2 |
About the conversation |
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| 2−1 |
言葉の混在 |
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2-1 |
The mixture of the language. |
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通常の会話には、ビサヤ語の中に英語の単語・構文やスペイン語・タガログ語の単語が |
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Mixing words or sentences of English, Spanish or Tagalog into Visayan
sentences are very popular |
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混じっている場合が多く見られます。 日本語のなかに英単語が入ってくる以上に、単語、句、 |
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in the usual conversation. |
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文章の形で混在して使用されています。例えば次の文の斜文字は英語です。 |
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Please refer the following example, the
oblique letters are English. |
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Si Pusong mo-apply sa pagka radio
announcer kay nabasahan man niya sa Superbalita |
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Si Pusong mo-apply sa pagka radio
announcer kay nabasahan man niya sa Superbalita |
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nga-wanted ug announcer ang DY Way Tingog. |
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nga-wanted ug announcer ang DY Way Tingog. |
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| 2−2 |
地域差 |
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2-2 |
Regional differences |
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ビサヤ語も各州や地域によって発音も文法も若干異なります。 |
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Both pronunciation and grammar vary in each
state and the area a little. |
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セブ・ボホール |
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Cebu area |
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l が w に変化する例 |
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The example that 'l' changes to 'w'. |
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Bulan (月) ⇒Buwan |
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magdula(遊ぶ)⇒magduwa |
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bulan (moon) -> buwan |
magdula (play) ->magduwa |
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naghulat(待った)⇒naghuwat |
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naghulat (wait) -> naghuwat |
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ボホール |
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Bohol |
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y が j に変化する例 |
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The example that y changes in j |
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Maayong buntag ⇒ Maajong buntag |
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Maayong buntag -> Maajong buntag |
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| 2−3 |
Abakada |
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2-3 |
Abakada |
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フィリピン語では、英語のABCにあたるabakadaに、C,F,J,Q,V,X,Z等はありません。 |
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There are no C, F, Q, V, X, Z in Abakada (English ABC) of Filipino. |
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ただし外来語も多いことから、英語のABCを使用した方が便利です。 |
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But, using English ABC is more convenient for the loanword as well.
There is no pronunci- |
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「v,f」の発音や、「th」の発音はありませんし、英語のように文字と発音が異なることも、ありま |
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ation of "v", "f" or
"th", and pronunciation never varies to the character, not like
English. |
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せん。私たち日本人には、発音しやすく覚えやすい言葉です。 |
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It is the language which is easy to pronounce
and to learn for us Japanese. |
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英語が日本語に取り入れられるのと同じように、ビサイヤ語に取り入れられた場合 |
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"f" was changed to "p",
and "v" was changed to "b" when it is adopted in Visayan. |
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「f」が「p」になったり、「v」が「b」になったりすることがあります。もちろん英語の発音をする人も |
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But of course there are persons who do English
or spanish |
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います。日本語の中の外来語と同じです。 |
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pronunciation, too. Just same as the loanword
in Japanese. |
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| 3 |
日常会話 |
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一口ビサヤを参照して下さい。 |
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3 |
Daily conversation Refer: sheet 'short' |
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| 3-1 |
挨拶はこの他英語でされる場合も多いようです。 |
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3-1 |
Many greetings seem in English besides the
followings. |
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Maayong buntag. |
(午前中) |
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お早うございます。 |
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Maayong buntag. |
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Good morning. |
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Maayong udto. |
(お昼時間) |
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こんにちは。 |
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Maayong udto. |
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Good day. (at noon) |
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Maayong hapon. |
(午後) |
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こんにちは。 |
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Maayong hapon. |
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Good afternoon. |
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Maayong gabii. |
(暗くなったら) |
今晩は。 |
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Maayong gabii. |
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Good evening. |
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Molakaw na ko. |
(出かける時) |
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さようなら。 (もう行きますの意) |
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Molakaw na ko. |
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Good bye. (I go now) |
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Adto na ko. |
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(出かける時) |
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さようなら。 (もう行きますの意) |
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Adto na ko. |
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Good bye. (I go now) |
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Mouli na ko. |
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(家に帰る時) |
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さようなら。 (もう帰りますの意) |
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Mouli na ko. |
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Good bye. (I go home now) |
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Bye. |
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英語ですが一般的です。 |
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Bye. |
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Bye. Popular though English. |
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Maayong pag-abot. |
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いらっしゃい。 |
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Maayong pag-abot. |
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Welcome. |
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Kumusta ka? |
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元気ですか。 |
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Kumusta ka? |
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How are you? |
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Maayo man, salamat, ikaw? |
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元気です。ありがとう。きみは? |
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Maayo man, salamat, ikaw? |
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Fine, thank you. And you? |
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Dayon. / Dayon lang. |
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入って。 入ってください。 |
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Dayon. / Dayon lang. |
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Come in. |
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Palihug. |
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どうぞ。 |
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Palihug. |
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Please. |
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Palihug lingkod. |
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どうぞおかけ下さい。 |
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Palihug lingkod. |
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Please sit down. |
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Palihug tindog. |
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立って下さい。 |
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Palihug tindog. |
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Please stand up. |
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| 3-2 |
簡単な表現 |
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3-2 |
Simple expression |
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Daghang salamat. |
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本当にありがとう。 |
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Daghang salamat. |
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Thank you very much. |
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Salamat. |
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ありがとう。 |
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Salamat. |
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Thank you. |
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Walay sapayan. |
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どういたしまして。 |
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Walay sapayan. |
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Not at all. |
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Ikskyusmi. |
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失礼します。(英語) |
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Ikskyusmi. |
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Excuse me. |
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Pasaylo-a ako. |
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ごめんなさい。 |
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Pasayloa ko. |
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I'm sorry. |
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Oo. |
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はい。(英語のYesと同じ) |
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Oo. |
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Yes. |
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Dili. |
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いいえ(未来や自分の意志などの否定) |
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Dili. |
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No. |
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Future / will denial |
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Wala. |
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いいえ(過去や存在の有無の否定) |
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Wala. |
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No. |
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Past / existence denial |
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Di ba? |
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でしょう? |
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Di ba? |
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isn't it? |
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Gigutom na ko. |
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お腹がすいたな。 |
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Gigutom na ko. |
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I'm hungry already. |
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Hatagi ko ug saging. |
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バナナを下さい。 |
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Hatagi ko ug saging. |
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Give me a banana. |
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Uhaw na ko. |
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喉かわいた! |
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Uhaw na ko. |
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I'm thirsty. |
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Dad-i ko ug tubig. |
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水を持ってきて。 |
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Dad-i ko ug tubig. |
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Bring me water. |
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Kapoy ka ba?/ Gikapoy ka? |
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疲れましたか? |
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Kapoy ka ba? / Gikapoy naka? |
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Are you tired? |
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ba は日本語の「〜か?」と同じで疑問文をつくります。 |
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"ba" is the same as Japanese "〜ka", and makes an
interrogative sentence. |
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Humana 'ta. |
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もう(仕事を)やめましょう。 |
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Humana 'ta. |
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Let's end it. |
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Asa ka paingon? |
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どこへ行くの? |
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Asa ka paingon? |
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Where are you going? |
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Sa Cebu mamalit. |
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セブまで買い物へいきます。 |
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Sa Cebu mamalit. |
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To Cebu for shopping. |
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Unsa 'na? |
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それは何ですか? |
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Unsa 'na? |
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What's that? |
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Pila ba kana?/ Pila na? |
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それはいくらですか? |
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Pila ba kana? / Pila na? |
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How much is that? |
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Kadyot lang! |
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ちょっと待って。 |
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Kadyot lang! |
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Just a minute. |
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Pag-amping! |
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気をつけて。 |
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Pag-amping! |
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Take care. |
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Pagbantay. |
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気をつけて。 |
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Pagbantay. |
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Beware. Watch out! |
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Unsa nay oras karon? |
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今何時ですか? |
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Unsa nay oras karon? |
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What time is it now? |
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Alas dos. |
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2時です。 |
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Alas dos. |
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2 o'clock. |
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| 4 |
主語と述語 |
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4 |
Subject and Predicate |
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ビサヤ語に主語と述語という言い方が適当かどうかわかりません。基本的には二つの |
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I
don't know the expression of "Subject and Predicate" is suitable
for Visayan grammar. |
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事柄を横に並べることにより、二つが同じであることを表します。 Aという句とBという句が |
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Basically parallel placing two phrases
expresses the two matters are same. |
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同じである場合 A B または B A と表します。 |
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If phrase A and phrase B is equal, it can be
shown AB or BA. |
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「私は学生です。」という場合は、「私 学生」というか「学生 私」とします。 |
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When we want to say "I am a
student.", it becomes "I student" or "Student I" |
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| 4-1 |
主語にするには、以下の3通りの現し方があります。 |
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4-1 |
There are three ways to show the subject as the
following. |
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(1) 代名詞の主格 |
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(1) |
The nominative of the pronoun |
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(2) 冠詞 si の付いた名前 |
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(2) |
Person's name with article "si". |
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(3) 冠詞 ang のついた詞、句 |
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(3) |
Noun /Phrase with article "ang". |
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| 4-1-1 |
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代名詞の主格 |
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4-1-1 |
The nominative of the pronoun |
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省略 |
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abbr. |
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私は |
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ako |
ko |
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人称代名詞で注意する点は、第1人称の |
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I |
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ako |
ko |
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The point with the person pronoun is that |
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私らは |
kami |
mi |
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複数形に2種類あることです。 ひとつは1人称 |
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We |
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kami |
mi |
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there are two kinds of the first person
plural. |
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私達は |
kita |
ta |
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のみでもうひとつは2人称を含みます。 |
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We |
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kita |
ta |
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One is only first person, while the other
contains |
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あなたは |
ikaw |
ka |
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kami というと自分達だけを指し、kitaと言うと |
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You |
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ikaw |
ka |
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second person. |
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あなた方は |
kamo |
mo |
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話している相手を含みます。 |
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You |
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kamo |
mo |
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In the case of "kami", it points only
ourselves, |
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彼/彼女は |
siya |
ya |
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She/He |
siya |
ya |
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while in the case of "kita", it
containes "you". |
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彼らは |
sila |
la |
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文章の中程で使われる場合の主格には、 |
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They |
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sila |
la |
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Frequently abbreviations are used for the |
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これは |
kini |
ni |
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省略形がよく使用されます。 |
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This |
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kini |
ni |
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nominative when they are placed in the middle
of |
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それは |
kana |
na |
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That |
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kana |
na |
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the sentence. |
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Hapones ako. |
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私は、日本人(男)です。 |
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Hapones ako. |
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I'm a Japanese. |
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Kami kugihan. |
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私達は、勤勉です。 |
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Kami kugihan. |
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We are industrious. |
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Mokaon ta. |
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食べましょう。 |
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Mokaon ta. |
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Let's eat. |
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Ikaw guapa. |
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貴女は美人ですね |
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Ikaw guapa. |
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You are beautiful. |
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Buotan ka. |
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君はいい人だ。 |
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Buotan ka. |
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You are good person. |
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Nigawas siya. |
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彼は外出してます。 |
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Gawas siya. |
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He is out. |
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Nagdula sila ug tenis. |
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彼らはテニスしていますよ。 |
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Nagdula sila ug tenis. |
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They are playing tennis. |
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Nindot kini! |
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これステキ! |
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Nindot kini! |
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This is nice. |
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Unsa man 'na? |
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それなあに? |
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Unsa man 'na? |
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What is that? |
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代名詞 kami と kita |
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'kami' and 'kita' |
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kami は話し相手を含まない「私達」 でkita は相手を含む「私達」です。 |
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'kami' excludes the one whom you are
talking to and 'kita' includes it. |
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このため次のような会話があり得えます。 |
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So the following conversation is possible. |
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Moadto ba kita? |
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私たちは行きましょうか? |
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Moadto ba kita? |
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Shall we go? |
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( moadto = adto 行くの未来形 ) |
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( moadto = adto: future tense of 'go' ) |
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Dili, moadto kamo. |
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いいえ、あなた達は行きなさい。 |
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Dili, moadto kamo. |
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No, you go. |
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( Dili = いいえ 英語のNoに同じ ) |
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( Dili = No ) |
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右の様に直訳すると訳がわかりませんが、これは |
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It sounds strange when it is translated
literally as the right . But the meaning is |
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「(あなたも含めた)私達皆で行きましょうか?」 |
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Shall we (including you) go? |
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「いいえ、(私を除いた)あなた方だけで行きなさい。」 |
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No. You go without me. |
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という意味になるわけです。 |
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'siya' |
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siya は彼または彼女で性別はその文だけではわかりません。このテキストでは |
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In the case of 'siya' the gender is not
stated, it is either 'he' or 'she'. |
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仮にどちらかに、訳しておきます。 |
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In this text it will be translated only one
gender. |
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| 4-1-2 |
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冠詞 |
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4-1-2 |
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Article |
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(1) |
名前につく冠詞 si |
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(1) |
'si' article for name of person |
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si
は人の名前か家族代名詞(tatay,nanay,lolo,lola 父母、祖父母など) に |
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'si' is put only for name of person or
pronoun of family (tatay,nanay,lolo,lola, etc.). |
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しか付けません。 |
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The pronoun of family starts by a large letter
like as usual name of person. |
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家族の代名詞は、名前と同じと考え、大文字から始まります。 |
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Ako si Luis. |
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I am Luis. |
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Ako si Luis. |
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私はルイスです。 |
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Kini si Tony. |
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This is Tony. |
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Kini si Tony. |
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こちらはトニーです。 |
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Nasuko si Tatay. |
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Father got angry. |
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Nasuko si Tatay. |
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父さんは怒った。 |
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Mitindog si Anna. |
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Anna stood up. |
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Mitindog si Anna. |
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アンナは立ち上がった。 |
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Si Lolo gustong moinum ug tuba. |
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Grandpa wants to drink Tuba. |
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Si Lolo gustong moinum ug tuba. |
おじいちゃんが椰子酒を飲みたがっている。 |
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( gusto =like; moinum = will drink; tuba = wine of coconut tree ) |
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( gusto = したい、好む moinum = 飲むの未来形 tuba = 椰子酒 ) |
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(2) |
主語を示す冠詞 ang |
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(2) |
'ang' article shows the nominative |
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ang は名詞や句につけて主語であることを示します。 |
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'ang' is put before noun or phrase, and
indicates the subject. |
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Ang kahoy dako. |
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その木は大きい。 |
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Ang kahoy dako. |
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The tree is big. |
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( kahoy = 木 dako = 大きい ) |
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( kahoy = tree; dako =
big ) |
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Nindot ang mga bulak. |
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花がきれいですね。 |
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Nindot ang mga bulak. |
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The flowers are beautiful. |
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( nindot = きれい mga = 達、等と同じで複数を表す bulak = 花 ) |
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( nindot = beautiful;
mga = plural is shown;
bulak = flower ) |
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| 4-2 |
主語と述語の位置 |
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4-2 |
The position of the subject and the predicate |
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フィリピン語では、主語が述語の前にくる必要はありません。 |
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A subject doesn't need to come before the
predicate in Visayan. |
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むしろ述語が前にくる場合の方が多いくらいです。 |
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It is natural that the predicate rather comes
to the front. |
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下の文はどちらも、同じ意味です。 |
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The following sentences have same meaning.. |
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Siya si Nilo. |
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Si Nilo siya. |
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彼はニロです。 |
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Siya si Nilo. |
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Si Nilo siya. |
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He is Nilo. |
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Miingon siya. |
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Siya miingon. |
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彼女は言った。 |
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Miingon siya. |
Siya miingon. |
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She said. |
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Nasakit si Lola. |
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Si Lola nasakit. |
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祖母は病気になった。 |
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Nasakit si Lola. |
Si Lola nasakit. |
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Grand mother got sick. |
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(lola = 祖母 sakit = 病気 ) |
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(lola = GrandMa; sakit = sickness ) |
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Gamay ang balay. |
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Ang balay gamay. |
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その家は小さい。 |
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Gamay ang balay. |
Ang balay gamay. |
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The house is small. |
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(balay = 家 gamay = 小さい ) |
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(balay = house; gamay = small ) |
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| 4-3 |
簡単な文章の例文 |
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4-3 |
The example of simple sentence |
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(1) |
Ako gigutom na. |
Gutom na ako. |
僕もうお腹すいた。 |
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(1) |
Ako gigutom na. |
Gigutom na ako. |
I'm hungry already. |
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(gutom = 空腹な na = 既に ) |
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(gutom = hungry; na = already ) |
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Kugihan sila. |
Sila kugihan. |
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彼らは真面目です(良く働きます)。 |
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Kugihan sila. |
Sila kugihan. |
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They are industrious. |
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(kugihan = 勤勉な ) |
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(kugihan = industrious ) |
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Siya naghilak. |
Naghilak siya. |
彼女は泣いていたよ。 |
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Siya naghilak. |
Naghilak siya. |
She was crying. |
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(naghilak = 泣いている、泣いていた ) |
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(naghilak = be crying ) |
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(2) |
Si Nanay nagluto ug panihapon. |
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母は夕食を料理している。 |
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(2) |
Si Nanay nagluto ug panihapon. |
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Mother is cooking for dinner. |
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(nagluto = 料理する panihapon = 夕飯 ug = ...を ) |
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(nagluto = be cooking; panihapon = supper; ug = for ) |
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複数の人でも一個のsiです。 |
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"si" can be used even more than one
person. |
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Si Tatay ug Nanay nigawas na. |
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父も母も外出しました。 |
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Si Tatay ug Nanay nigawas na. |
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Both father and mother went out. |
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(tatay = 父 ug = …と gawas = 外に ) |
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(tatay = father; ug = and; gawas = out ) |
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(3) |
Misinggit ang bata. |
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子供は叫んだ。 |
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(3) |
Misinggit ang bata. |
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The child shouted. |
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(misinggit = 叫んだ bata = 子供 ) |
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(misinggit = shouted; bata = child ) |
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Ang akong igsoong babae gwapa. |
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私の姉(妹)は綺麗です。 |
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Ang akong igsoong babae gwapa. |
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My sister is beautiful. |
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(akong = 私の igsoon = 兄弟/姉妹 babae = 女 gwapa = 美人) |
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(akong = my; igsoon = brother/sister; babae = woman; gwapa = beauty) |
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| 4-4 |
主語という言葉が適当かどうか。 |
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4-4 |
Whether the term of the "nominative"
is suitable? |
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フィリピン語の場合、主語は必ずしも行動を起こす主体とは限りません。 |
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As for the subject it isn't limited who is
carried out an action in the case of Visayan. |
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文の中で強調したい個所が主語になります。 |
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The object which is wanted to put emphasis on
in the sentence becomes the subject. |
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例えば「私はマンゴ通りを走っていった」 という文をビサイヤで言うと |
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For example, "I ran through Mango
Avenue." |
When it is said in Visayan, |
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Nagdagan ko sa Mango Avenue. 又は |
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Nagdagan ko sa Mango Avenue. |
( nagdagan = run, be running ) |
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( nagdagan = 走った、走っている Mango Avenue = マンゴー通り ) |
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or |
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Gidagan nako ang Mango Avenue. となります。 |
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Gidagan nako ang Mango Avenue. |
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( gidagan = 「走る」の受動形 nako = 「私」の所有格 ) |
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( gidagan = passive voice of 'dagan'; nako = possessive case of 'ako'
) |
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最初の文章はko「私」が主語で英語と同じ表現ですが、2番目の文章では |
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Though in the first sentence "ko" is
the same as English "I"
with the subject. |
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Mango Avenue が主語になっています。 |
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While 'Mango Avenue' is the subject by the
second sentence. |
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日本語に直訳すると |
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When it is translated literally; |
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「マンゴ通りは私の走ったところです。」 あるいは |
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It is Mango Avenue where I have run. Or |
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「私の走ったのは、マンゴ通りです。」 という感じです。 |
接辞gi-を参照してください。 |
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It is Mango Avenue that I have run. |
Refer to an affix gi-. |
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| 5 |
簡単な句 |
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5 |
Simple phrases |
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| 5-1 |
リガチュア 前の句と後ろの句を結びつける働きをします。 |
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5-1 |
ligature |
The noun modified by an adjective is connected with nga (ligature). |
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形容詞に修飾される名詞は nga (リガチュアといいます)で繋げます。 |
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(By the sound which hung on the nose) |
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鼻にかかった音で (ガ)と発音します。 (ンガ)ではありません。 |
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"nindot nga bulak"
beautiful flower |
(bulak = flower; nindot = beautiful) |
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nindot nga bulak 美しい花 |
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(bulak = 花 nindot
= 美しい) |
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"bulak nga nindot"
beautiful flower |
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この場合は bulak nga nindot と順序を変えても意味はかわりません。 |
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Even if the sequence of noun and adjective is
changed the meaning doesn't change. |
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つまり日本語や英語のように形容詞が前にこなくてもかまわないわけです。 |
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In other words, it doesn't care even if the
adjective doesn't come to the front. |
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a. |
前の単語が母音で終わる場合、その単語の最後に ng をつけて繋げます。 |
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a. |
When a previous word ends in vowel, 'ng' is
put at the end of that word. |
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gwapang babae 又は babaeng gwapa |
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きれいな女性 |
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gwapang babae or babaeng gwapa |
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beautiful girl |
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isdang gamay 又は gamay nga isda |
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小さい魚 |
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isdang gamay or gamay nga isda |
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small fish |
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(isda = 魚 gamay
= 小さい ) |
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(isda = fish; gamay = small ) |
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gamay nga isda 又は isda nga gamay と省略しないのもOKです。 |
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'gamay nga isda' or 'isda nga gamay' is
also OK. |
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b. |
前の単語の最後がyまたはwで終わる場合、母音で終わったと見なすことも出来ます。 |
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b. |
When the previous word ends 'y' or 'w', it can
be treated as it ends in vowel. |
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gamay nga isda でも gamayng isda
でもかまいません。 |
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'gamay nga isda' or 'gamayng isda' both
ok. |
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c. |
前に来る単語が nで終わる場合は単に g をつけて繋がります。 |
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c. |
'g' is just put and connected when the front
word ends in 'n'. |
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dahong laya 又は layang dahon |
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枯れた葉 |
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'dahong laya' or 'layang dahon' |
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dried leaf |
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(dahon =
葉 laya = 枯れた ) |
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(dahon = leaf; laya = dried ) |
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d. |
nga はまた、文章と文章をつなげるのにも使われます。 |
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d. |
"nga" is used as well for connecting
a sentence and a sentence. |
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Gusto si Masako nga magluto ug panihapon. |
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Gusto si Masako nga magluto ug panihapon. |
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正子は夕飯を作りたがっている。 |
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(Gusto = 好む ) |
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Masako likes to cook dinner. |
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(Gusto = like ) |
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(magluto = 「料理する」の未来形 ug = ...を panihapon = 夕飯 ) |
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(magluto = future tense of "cook"; panihapon = dinner ) |
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これは、gusto si Masako (正子はしたい)という文と magluto ug panihapon |
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This is interpretable as a connection of
"gusto si Masako (Masako likes )and |
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(夕飯を料理する)という文をつなげているわけです。 |
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"magluto ug panihapon" (cook dinner). |
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なお、この場合も、前述のa.b.c.が通用します。 従い今の文章は |
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In this case also we can use above-mentioned a.b.c.rules. So we can say also like |
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Si Masako gustong magluto ug panihapon. とすることも出来ます。 |
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the following. |
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Si Masako gustong magluto ug panihapon. |
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| 5-2 |
所有格、目的格 |
…の、 …を にあたります。 |
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5-2 |
The possessive/objective |
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(1)
人称代名詞 |
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(1)
Personal pronoun |
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所有格 |
+nga |
後置 |
省略形 |
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possessive |
+nga |
postposition |
abbreviate |
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私の |
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ako |
akong |
nako |
'ko |
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my |
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ako |
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akong |
nako |
'ko |
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私らの |
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amo |
among |
namo |
'mo |
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our |
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amo |
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among |
namo |
'mo |
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私達の |
ato |
atong |
nato |
'to |
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our |
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ato |
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atong |
nato |
'to |
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あなたの |
imo |
imong |
nimo |
'mo |
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your |
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imo |
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imong |
nimo |
'mo |
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あなた方の |
inyo |
inyong |
ninyo |
'nyo |
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your |
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inyo |
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inyong |
ninyo |
'nyo |
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彼/彼女の |
iya |
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iyang |
niya |
'iya |
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his/her |
iya |
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iyang |
niya |
'iya |
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彼らの |
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ila |
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ilang |
nila |
'la |
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their |
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ila |
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ilang |
nila |
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'la |
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所有を表す人称代名詞が、修飾する語句の前か後かで形が変わります。 |
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Possesive pronoun changes its form by the
position of the modifier. |
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akong libro 又は libro nako |
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私の本 |
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akong libro or libro nako |
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my book |
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( libro = 本 ) |
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( libro = book ) |
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imong anak / anak nimo |
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あなたの子供 |
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imong anak / anak nimo |
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your child |
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anak は「親」に対する「子供」で、「大人」に対する「子供」は bataです。 |
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The child who faces "adult" is
"bata" and the child toward "parents" is
"anak". |
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among eskwelahan |
/ eskwelahan namo |
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私らの学校 |
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among eskwelahan |
/ eskwelahan namo |
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our school |
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( eskwelahan = 学校 ) |
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( eskwelahan = school ) |
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これら代名詞で修飾された名詞を、再度リガチュアで繋げることも出来ます。 |
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The noun modified with these pronouns can be
connected with "nga", too. |
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imong anak nga babae |
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あなたの女の子供 |
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imong anak nga babae |
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your female child (your daughter) |
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ilang himoon nga malingaw |
彼らの好きな行動(彼らの楽しみとすること) |
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ilang himoon nga malingaw |
the interest (hobby) which they like |
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( himoon = 行い、行動 malingaw = 楽しい、楽しむ ) |
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( himoon = doing, act malingaw = enjoy ) |
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(2) |
名前につく冠詞 ni |
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(2) |
Article
'ni' |
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主格の場合は、名前の前に冠詞 si を付けますが、所有格の場合は ni をつけます。 |
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You should use article 'ni' before a name of
person in possessive form. |
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igsoon ni Tatay |
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父さんの兄弟 |
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igsoon ni Tatay |
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brother/siter of Father |
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Nindot ang pintura ni Mary. |
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マリーの絵はきれいだ。 |
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Nindot ang pintura ni Mary. |
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The paint of Mary is beautiful. |
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(3) |
一般の名詞の所有格は sa 等 |
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(3) |
use 'sa' for common noun |
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mapa sa Tokyo |
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東京の地図 |
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mapa sa Tokyo |
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A map of Tokyo |
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kalinaw sa kalibutan |
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世界の平和 |
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kalinaw sa kalibutan |
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World peace |
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| 5-3 |
リガチュアでつなげた句を入れた簡単な文章例 |
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5-3 |
Simple sentence examples which the phrases
connected with "nga". |
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Punita ang mga dahong laya. |
落ち葉を拾いなさい。 |
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Punita ang mga dahong laya. |
Pick up the fallen leaves. |
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(punita ang... 〜を拾いなさい) |
(mga 〜達、〜等、複数を表す) |
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(punita ang... Pick up) |
('mga' shows
plural) |
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Si nanay nagluto ug mga lamiang pagkaon. |
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Si Nanay nagluto ug mga lamiang pagkaon. |
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母は美味しい料理を作っています。 |
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Mother is cooking delicious dishes. |
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(naguluto = 料理している lamian = おいしい pagkaon = 料理) |
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(nagluto = is cooking; lamian = delicious; pagkaon = dish) |
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| 6 |
時制 |
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6 |
Tense |
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| 6-1 |
英語の場合、時制は過去・現在・未来に分かれますが、フィリピン語は過去と未来 |
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6-1 |
Visayan tense is divided into two, the past
and the future while in English there are three. |
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の二つに分かれます。(既実と未然に分けると言った感じです。) |
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English |
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past |
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present |
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future |
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英語 |
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過去 |
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現在 |
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未来 |
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↑ |
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↑ |
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the
present |
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現時点 |
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↓ |
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↓ |
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Visayan |
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past |
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future |
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フィリピン語 |
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過去 |
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未来 |
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past tense |
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←-→ |
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過去 |
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←-→ |
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past tense |
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←-→ |
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過去 |
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←-→ |
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past tense |
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← |
→ |
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過去 |
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← |
→ |
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future tense |
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←-→ |
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未来 |
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←-→ |
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future tense |
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←-→ |
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未来 |
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←-→ |
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Any that action has already begun is past
tense. |
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既に行動が始まっているものはすべて、過去形。 まだ行っていないものは、未来形。 |
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Any that has not yet started or had not
realized is future tense. |
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| 注 |
一般的真理を表現する場合、未来形を使う場合があります。 |
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* |
Future tense may be used when general truth is
expressed. |
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Mosubang ang adlaw sa sidlakan. |
太陽は東に上る。 |
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Mosubang ang adlaw sa sidlakan. |
The sun rises in the east. |
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( mosubang = 昇るの未来形 adlaw
= 日、太陽 sidlakan
= 東 ) |
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( mosubang = will rise; adlaw = sun, day; sidlakan = east ) |
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6-2 |
The distinction of the past tense and the future tense is done by
"prefix" or "suffix" |
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| 6-2 |
過去形、未来形の区別は動詞につける「接辞」で行います。 |
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which put on to the root word. There are many kinds of prefix or
suffix such as |
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接辞は種類が多く、na-,ma-, ni-, mo-, nag-, mag-, gi-, i-等たくさんあります。 |
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"na-, ma-, ni-, mo-, nag-, mag-,
gi-, i-, -an, -on, -a, -i" and so on. |
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過去形はnから始まり未来形はmから始まる接辞が多いようです。 |
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The prefix which makes past tense apt to begin
from "n" for the first letter and "m" for the |
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future tense. |
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| 6-3 |
例 |
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6-3 |
Example |
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Naghulat ko nimo gahapon. |
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私は昨日あなたを待っていたのよ。 |
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Naghulat ko nimo gahapon. |
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I was waiting for you yesterday. |
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( hulat = 待つの原型
naghulat = 待っていた gahapon = 昨日 ) |
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( hulat = wait; naghulat = was waiting; gahapon = yesterday ) |
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Maghulat ko nimo ugma. |
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明日、あなたをお待ちしてます。 |
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Maghulat ko nimo ugma. |
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I 'll be waiting for you tomorrow. |
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( maghulat = 「待つ」の未来形 ugma = 明日 ) |
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( maghulat = will wait; ugma = tomorrow ) |
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Midula siya ug golf sa miaging semana. |
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彼は先週ゴルフをした。 |
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Midula siya og golf sa miaging semana. |
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He played golf last week. |
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( midula = 遊んだ miagin = 前の、先の semana = 週 ) |
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( midula = played; miaging = former; semana = week ) |
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og 又は ug は…を の意味で 'g と省略されることもあります。 |
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'og' or 'ug' shows objective and
sometimes abbreviated as 'g. |
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英語の'and'にあたる「〜と」の意味の 'ug' もあります。 |
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There is 'ug' which means 'and' also. |
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Modula sila'g golf ugma. |
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彼らは明日ゴルフをします。 |
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Modula sila'g golf ugma. |
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They will play golf tomorrow. |
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( modula = 「遊ぶ」の未来形 ) |
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( modula = will play ) |
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Nakatulog ug maayo gabii ang bata. |
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その子は昨夜ぐっすり眠れた。 |
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Nakatulog kaayo gabii ang bata. |
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The child slept well last night. |
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( nakatulog = 眠れた、寝た kaayo = 非常に、とても ) |
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( nakatulog = could sleep; kaayo = very ) |
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Makatulog ko karong gabii. |
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今夜は眠れる。 |
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Makatulog ko karong gabii. |
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I can sleep tonight. |
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( makatulog = 「眠れる」の未来形 karon = 今、現在の ) |
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( makatulog = will be able to sleep; karon = now ) |
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Nahulog ang bata sa yuta. |
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子供が地面に落ちた。 |
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Nahulog ang bata sa yuta. |
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The child fell into the ground. |
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( nahulog = 落ちた yuta = 土、地面 ) |
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( nahulog = fell; yuta = ground ) |
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Mahulog ang unggoy gikan sa sanga. |
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サルが枝から落ちるだろう。 |
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Mahulog ang unggoy gikan sa sanga. |
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A monkey will fall from the branch. |
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( mahulog = 「落ちる」の未来形 unggoy = 猿 sanga = 枝 ) |
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( mahulog = will fall; unggoy = monkey; sanga = branch ) |
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Iyang gisulat ang ngalan nimo sa papel. |
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彼は君の名を紙に書いたよ。 |
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Iyang gisulat ang imong ngalan sa papel. |
He wrote your name on the paper. |
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( gisulat = 書かれた ngalan = 名前 papel = 紙 ) |
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( gisulat = was written; ngalan = name; papel = paper ) |
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Isulat nako ang imong ngalan sa papel. |
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私はあなたの名前を紙に書きます。 |
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Isulat nako ang imong ngalan sa papel. |
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I write your name in the paper. |
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( isulat = 「書かれる」の未来形 ) |
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( isulat = will be written ) |
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Basahon nako ugma ang libro. |
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私は明日その本を読みます。 |
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Basahon nako ugma ang libro. |
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I will read the book tomorrow. |
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( basahon = 「読む」の未来形 libro = 本 ) |
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( basahon = will read; libro = book ) |
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| 7 |
接辞 |
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7 |
Affix |
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| 7-1 |
フィリピンの言葉の特徴として、接辞(prefix、infix、suffix)があります。 |
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7-1 |
'Affix' (prefix, infix or suffix) is one of
characteristics of the Philippine language. |
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ビサヤ語では、単語によって名詞、形容詞、副詞等とはっきりわかれているわけではありません。 |
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It gives a various meaning to a basic word by
putting affix before the stem or inside or at the |
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元の単語 (語幹root word) があって、それに接辞をつけることにより、名詞のようにあるいは |
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back. It can make an adjective, a verb or a
noun by giving an affix to the root word or even a |
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形容詞や副詞のように使います。 |
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loanword. |
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接辞にはつける位置によって、接頭辞・接中辞・接尾辞があります。 |
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kaon:
Taking an example 'eat' |
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いくつも接辞がついて意味が発展する(狭義にする)ことも特長です。 |
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mikaon |
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have eaten |
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mokaon |
will eat |
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kaon 食 を例にとると、 |
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pag-kaon |
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meal |
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nagkaon |
be eating |
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mikaon |
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食べた |
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mokaon |
食べるだろう |
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inigkaon |
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when eating |
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makakaon |
able to eat |
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pagkaon |
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料理 |
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nagkaon |
食べている |
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gikaon |
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which be eaten |
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inigkaon |
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食べる時 |
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makakaon |
食べれる |
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lipay:
In the case of 'happy' |
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gikaon |
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食べたもの |
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nalipay |
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enjoy |
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malipay |
happy |
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lipay 幸 を例にとると |
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kalipay |
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happiness |
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malipayon |
happy |
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nalipay |
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喜んだ |
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malipay |
嬉しくなる |
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pagkalipay |
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very happy |
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naglipay |
satisfy |
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kalipay |
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幸福 |
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malipayon |
幸福な |
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kinamalipayon |
the most happy |
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pagkalipay |
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非常に幸せな |
naglipay |
満足させる |
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kinamalipayon |
一番幸福な |
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There are cases not only an affix is stuck but
many, and the meaning develops. Refer 7-14. |
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| 7-2 |
nag、mag、pag |
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7-2 |
nag, mag, pag |
progressive |
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語幹にnag(過去形)mag(未来形)をつけることで動詞になります。 日本語の |
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It becomes a verb by putting 'nag' (past
tense), 'mag' (future tense) before the stem. |
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...していた、…している、にあたります。進行形あるいは習慣を表す時に使います。 |
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It is used when the progressive form or a habit
is shown. |
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pagをつけると動名詞化されます。これについては、後で述べます。 |
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When 'pag' is put, it becomes a gerund as it is
stated later. |
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Nagdula sila ug tenis sa miaging semana. |
彼らは先週テニスをしていた。 |
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Nagdula sila ug tenis sa miaging semana. |
They played tennis last week. |
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( dula = 遊ぶ
semana= 週 miaging semana = 先週 ) |
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( dula = play; semana= week; miaging semana = the last week ) |
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Nagdula sila ug tenis karon. |
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彼らは今、テニスをしています。 |
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Nagdula sila ug tenis karon. |
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They play tennis today. |
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Magdula sila ug tenis ugma. |
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彼らは明日テニスをしています。 |
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Magdula sila ug tenis ugma. |
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They will play tennis tomorrow. |
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( karon = 今日、今 ugma =
明日 ) |
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( karon = today, now; ugma = tomorrow ) |
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Naghulat si Nanay niya. |
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母は彼女を待っているのです。 |
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Naghulat si Nanay niya. |
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Mother is waiting for her. |
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この場合この文章だけでは、待っているなのか、待っていたのかはわかりません。 |
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It isn't known whether she was waiting or is,
by this sentence only. |
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Magbasa si Juan ug libro unya. |
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フアンは、後でその本を読むだろう。 |
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Magbasa si Juan ug libro unya. |
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Juan will read the book later. |
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( basa = 読む libro
= 本 unya = 後で ) |
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( basa = read; libro = book ) |
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Kinsa ang magbasa sa sulat? |
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誰がその手紙をよむのですか? |
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Kinsa ang magbasa sa sulat. |
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Who will read the letter? |
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( kinsa = 誰がですか? sulat = 手紙 ) |
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( kinsa = who; sulat = letter ) |
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Nag-una nila si Trining. |
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トリニングが彼らの先頭になった。 |
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Nag-una nila si Trining. |
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Trining is ahead of them. |
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( una = 1番目 ) |
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( una = the first ) |
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時にはnag-mag の変わりにnaga-maga の活用も使われます。これは特に |
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'naga-maga' is used instead of 'nag-mag' in the time when it needs to
make clear or |
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今もその動作が継続していることを、明らかにしたい場合です。 |
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emphasize that the movement is going on
(progressive). |
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| 7-3 |
ni、mi、mo |
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語幹に mi 又は ni をつけます。未来形は mo をつけます。自動詞はこの活用がありません。 |
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7-3 |
ni、mi、mo |
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日本語の …やった。 …した。 …する。 に当たります。 |
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In the case of past tense 'mi' or 'ni' is put
on before the stem and 'mo' for future tense. |
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Midula siya ug tenis sa miaging gabii. |
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彼は昨夜テニスをした。 |
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Midula siya ug tenis sa miaging gabii. |
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He played tennis last night. |
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Midula siya ug tenis karon. |
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彼は今日テニスをした。 |
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Midula siya ug tenis karon. |
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He played tennis today. |
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Modula siya ug tenis ugma. |
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彼は明日テニスをするだろう。 |
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Modula siya ug tenis ugma. |
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He will play tennis tomorrow. |
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主語が複数の場合 mi より ni が普通に使われます。 |
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When the subject is plural 'ni' is more popular
than 'mi'. |
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Nidula kami ug tenis gahapon. |
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私たちは昨日テニスをした。 |
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Nidula kami ug tenis gahapon. |
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We played tennis yesterday. |
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Niadto na sila sa Sugbo. |
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彼らはもうセブに行きました。 |
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Niadto na sila sa Sugbo. |
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They went to Cebu already. |
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( adto = 行く Sugbo = Cebu city = セブ市 ) |
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( adto = go; Sugbo = Cebu city ) |
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| 7-4 |
naka、maka |
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語幹に接頭辞としてnaka-, maka- をつけると、完了形になります。現在・過去完了は |
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7-4 |
naka、maka |
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naka- 、未来完了はmaka- ですが、どちらの場合も「できる」という可能の意味を表す |
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It
becomes perfect tense when 'naka' or 'maka' is put on the stem as a prefix. |
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場合が多くあります。過去の場合も「できた」の意味合いがあります。 |
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'naka' is past or present perfect tense
and 'maka' is for future one. |
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日本語の …できた。 …やれた。に当たります。 |
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There is an implication of possibility as
"be able to do" in the both cases. |
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Nakatulog kaayo gabii ang masakitong bata. |
( tulog = 眠る ) |
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Nakatulog kaayo gabii ang masakitong bata. |
( tulog = sleep ) |
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(masakiton = 病気の ) |
その病気の子は、昨夜ぐっすり眠れました。 |
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(masakiton = sick ) |
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The sick child could sleep well last night. |
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Nakakita ko ug milagro. |
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私は奇蹟をみた。 |
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Nakakita ko ug milagro. |
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I saw a miracle. |
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( kita = 見る milagro = 奇跡 ) |
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( kita = look milagro = miracle ) |
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Nakahimo siya ug usa ka salaod. |
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彼は罪を犯した。 |
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Nakahimo siya ug usa ka salaod. |
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He committed a crime. |
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( himo = 行う usa ka = ひとつの salaod = 罪 ) |
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( himo = do usa ka = one of salaod =
sin/crime/failure ) |
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Nakasunod siya ug dakong katigayonan. |
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彼は莫大な富を継いだ。 |
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Nakasunod siya ug dakong katigayonan. |
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He inherited enormous wealth. |
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( sunod = 続く、継ぐ dako = 大きい katigayonan = 富 ) |
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( sunod = follow/inherit dako = big katigayonan
= fortune ) |
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Nakabuak siya ug dakong plato. |
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彼女は大きな皿を割ってしまった。 |
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Nakabuak siya ug dakong plato. |
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She broke a big plate. |
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( buak = 壊す ) |
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( buak = break ) |
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Nakasakit ako sa iyang balatian. |
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私は彼女の気持ちを傷つけた。 |
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Nakasakit ako sa iyang balatian. |
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I hurt her feeling. |
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( sakit = 痛くする、傷つける balatian = 心、気持ち ) |
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( sakit = harm/injure balatian = feeling/heart ) |
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Nakautang siya nako ug usa ka gatus ka pesos. |
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Nakautang siya nako ug usa ka gatus ka pesos. |
He borrows 100 pesos from me. |
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( utang = 借金する gatus = 100 ) |
彼は私に100 ペソ借りている。 |
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( utang = debt/borrow money gatus = 100 ) |
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Nakasabot ko sa imong katin-awan. |
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あなたの説明は分かりました。 |
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Nakasabot ko sa imong katin-awan. |
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I understand your explanation. |
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( sabot = 理解する katin-awan = 説明 ) |
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( sabot = understand katin-awan = explanation ) |
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Makaantus ka ba sa sakit? |
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痛みを我慢できますか。 |
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Makaantus ka ba sa sakit? |
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Can you bear the pain? |
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( antus = 我慢する sakit = 痛み ) |
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( antus = endure sakit = pain ) |
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| 7-5 |
語幹は名詞や外国語も |
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7-5 |
Affix can be attached to noun or loanword too. |
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接頭語をつけると、日本語の「…をする」「…が出来る」 と同じように名詞や外国語を |
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When prefix is given, a noun or a foreign word
can be changed to the verb. |
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動詞に変えたりすることが出来ます。 |
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Nagtenis kami kagabii. |
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Last night we played tennis. |
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Nagtenis kami kagabii. |
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昨夜、私達はテニスした。 |
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Mag-check-in ta una. |
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Let's check-in first. |
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Mag-check-in ta una. |
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まずチェックインしましょう。 |
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| 7-6 |
na、ma、nanga、manga、nahi、mahi |
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7-6 |
na、ma、nanga、manga、nahi、mahi |
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| 7-6-1 |
動詞の語幹に接頭辞としてna-,ma- をつけると、自動詞または受け身になります。 |
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7-6-1 |
It becomes an intransitive verb or passivity
when 'na' or 'ma' is put on the stem as a prefix. |
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現在・過去・完了はna- 、未来はma- です。この活用しか使わない動詞、あるいは逆にこの活用 |
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As for the past or present completion tense
'na', and for the future one 'ma' is adopt. |
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はしない動詞がありますので注意が必要です。 |
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Some of the verb (mostly intransitive) use
only this conjugation. |
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またna-,ma- は形容詞や名詞につけて動詞化する場合にも使われます。 |
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'na' or 'ma' is used to make verb using
adjective or noun as a stem. |
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日本語の「…になる」 あるいは 「…したのは」 と訳せることが多い。 |
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It can be often translated "become"
or "the one who did" |
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na-ma は主語が複数の場合、特に複数を強調したい時などnanga-manga |
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'nanga-manga' may be used instead of 'na-ma' when the subject is
plural. |
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の活用をします。 |
ma-はまた、形容詞化の接辞にもなります。 |
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ma' is used also to make adjevtive. |
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| 7-6-2 |
受動の表現 |
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7-6-2 |
Passive expression |
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Natukod nila ang balay. |
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その家は彼らが建てました。 |
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Natukod nila ang balay. |
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The house was built by them. |
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( tukod = 建てる balay
= 家 ) |
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( tukod = build; balay = house ) |
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Nalakat namo ang dalan. |
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私達はその道を歩いて行きました。 |
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Nalakat namo ang dalan. |
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We walked the street. |
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( lakat = 歩く dalan
= 道 ) |
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( lakat = walk; dalan = street ) |
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Nakita niya ang daghang paburot. |
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彼女は沢山の風船を見た。 |
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Nakita niya ang daghang paburot. |
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She saw a lot of balloons. |
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( kita = 見る daghan = 沢山の
paburot = 風船 ) |
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( kita = see; daghan = plenty; paburot = balloon ) |
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なおこれらは Ilang natukod、Among nalakat 、Iyang nakitaと言うこともできます。 |
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These can be expressed as 'ilang natukod',
'among nalakat' or 'iyang nakita'. |
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na-,ma- はまた接尾詞-an を伴うこともあります。完了が強調されます。 |
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'na' or 'ma' may sometimes be with suffix 'an'
to emphasize completion. |
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Iyang nakitaan ang paburot nga pula. |
彼女は赤い風船を見た。 |
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Iyang nakitaan ang paburot nga pula. |
She had seen a red balloon. |
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彼女の見たのは、赤い風船です。と訳すと判り易いかも知れません。 |
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| 7-6-3 |
自動詞の表現 |
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7-6-3 |
Intransitive |
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Nahulog ang bata. |
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子供が落ちた。 |
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Nahulog ang bata. |
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A kid fell down. |
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Nahulog sa yuta ang prutas. |
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その果物は地面に落ちた。 |
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Nahulog sa yuta ang prutas. |
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The fruit fell into the ground. |
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( yuta = 地面、土 prutas = 果物 ) |
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( yuta = ground, earth; prutas = fruit ) |
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Nabali ang sanga. |
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枝が折れた。 |
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Nabali ang sanga. |
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The branch was broken. |
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Natulog ang bata sa katre. |
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その子はベッドで寝ました。 |
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Natulog ang bata sa katre. |
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The child slept in the bed. |
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Matulog ako ugma sa inyong balay. |
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明日は君の家で寝るよ。 |
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Matulog ako ugma sa inyong balay. |
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I will sleep in your house tomorrow. |
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Nabuak ang baso. |
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グラスが割れた。 |
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Nabuak ang baso. |
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The glass was broken. |
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( buak = 壊す baso = コップ ) |
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( buak = break; baso = cup, glass ) |
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Nahadlok ang babae sa halas. |
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その女は蛇を怖がった。 |
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Nahadlok ang babae sa halas. |
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The woman was afraid of snakes. |
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( hadlok = 怖い、心配する halas = 蛇 ) |
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( hadlok = be afraid; halas = snake ) |
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Matulog ko ug sayo karong gabii. |
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今夜は早く寝ます。 |
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Matulog ko ug sayo karong gabii. |
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I will go to bed early tonight. |
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( sayo = 早く ) |
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( sayo = early ) |
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mi-moの接辞がついた場合は他動詞、na-maが付いた場合は自動詞となり意味が変わる |
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There are verbs whose root word meanings
change when transitive change intransitive. |
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動詞があります。 Miadtoは「行った」 naadtoは「…をした」「居た」 |
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miadto = went; naadto = done |
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Miadto siya sa Manila. |
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彼はマニラに行った。 |
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Miadto siya sa Manila. |
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He went to Manila. |
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Naadto na nako ang imong gisugo. |
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貴方に頼まれたことはしましたよ。 |
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Naadto na nako ang imong gisugo. |
I have done what you had requested. |
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( sugo = 頼む、命令する gisugo = 頼んだこと ) |
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( sugo = request, order; gisugo = which was requested ) |
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いくつかの動詞はnahi-, mahi- をとります。 |
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Some verbs take 'nahi' or 'mahi'. |
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あるいは、これらの動詞はhiが付いた動詞として考えるべきかもしれません。 |
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Or maybe we should think 'hi+root' as one word. |
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Nahikurat ko sa balita. |
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私はそのニュースに驚いた。 |
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Nahikurat ko sa balita. |
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I was surprised at the news. |
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( balita = 知らせ、ニュース ) |
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( balita = news, announce ) |
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Nahigugma siya nimo. |
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彼女は君を好きになった。 |
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Nahigugma siya nimo. |
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She is in love with you. |
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Nahibalo ka ba ug unsay nahitabo niya? |
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彼に何が起きたか知ってる? |
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Nahisulat niya ang tula. |
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The poem was written by him. |
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( ba = …ですか? Nahitabo = 起きたこと ) |
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Nahibalo ba ka ug unsay nahitabo niya? |
Do you know what has happened to him? |
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( ba = make interrogative; Nahitabo = what is
happened ) |
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主語が複数であることを強調の場合はna-,ma- はまたnanga-,mangaをとることが多い。 |
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'nanga-manga' is taken instead of
'na-ma' when it is emphasized that a subject is plural. |
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Nangahulog sila sa kahoy. |
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彼らは木から落ちた。 |
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Nangahulog sila sa kahoy. |
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They fell down from the tree. |
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Nangabali ang mga sanga. |
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枝が( 何本か) 折れた。 |
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Nangabali ang mga sanga. |
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Branches were broken. |
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Nangasakit ang mga bata. |
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子供たちが病気になった。 |
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Nangasakit ang mga bata. |
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The children became sick. |
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| 7-6-4 |
形容詞や名詞に付けて動詞化する例は、 |
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7-6-4 |
Examples to put on the adjective or on the
noun and which becomes a verb. |
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Ang bata nako namaayo hangtud karong buntag. |
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Ang bata nako namaayo hangtod karong buntag. |
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私の赤ん坊は今朝までにすっかり良くなりました。 |
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My baby recovered by this morning. |
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(maayo = 良い
namaayo = 良くなる hangtod = …までに) |
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( maayo = good; namaayo = become good; hangtod = until ) |
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Naputi ang iyang buhok sa usa ka gabii. |
彼の髪の毛は一晩で白くなった。 |
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Naputi ang iyang buhok sa usa ka gabii. |
His hair became white by one night. |
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( puti = 白 naputi = 白くなる ) |
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( puti = white; naputi = become white ) |
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Ang damgo niya maabogado ug mokuha og daghang
kuwarta. |
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Ang damgo niya maabogado ug mokuha og daghang
kuwarta. |
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( abogado = 弁護士 ) |
彼の夢は弁護士になって沢山稼ぐことだ。 |
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( abogado = lawyer ) |
It is his dream to be a lawyer and get plenty
of money. |
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Kung mahuman ka sa imong kurso maabogado ka na! |
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Kung mahuman ka sa imong kurso maabogado ka na! |
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君のコースが終われば、弁護士になれる。 |
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You will be a lawyer when you finish your
course. |
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| 7-6-5 |
形容詞化 |
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7-6-5 |
As making adjective |
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ma-の付いた単語はまた形容詞として普遍化している言葉も多い。 |
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There are many adjectives which have 'ma' as
prefix. |
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| 7-7 |
gi-i 活用 |
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7-7 |
Prefix gi-i |
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接頭辞 gi-i の付いた動詞も受動の形ですが、これは非常に良く使われます。 |
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If you attach prefix 'gi' or 'i', it makes
passive voice and this expression is popular in Visayan. |
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Gisulat nako ang awit. |
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その歌は、私によって書かれた。 |
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Gisulat nako ang awit. |
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The
song was written by me. |
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gisulat を 「書いたもの」とか「書いたのは」 などと訳すと、感じが似ているかも |
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In the above sample, "gisulat" is
translated with "the written thing" |
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知れません。「私の書いたのは、その歌です。」 となります。 |
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It is the song which was written by me. |
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Gidala nako si Inday. |
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私はインダイを連れていった。 |
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Gidala nako si Inday. |
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I brought Inday. |
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これも、私の連れて行ったのは、の感じです。従って、これらは Akong gisulat ang |
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Who I brought is Inday. |
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awit. とか Akong gidala si Inday. と表現できます。 |
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Above two samples can be expressed "Akong
gisulat ang awit." or "Akong gidala si Inday". |
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Gipaak ako sa kasag. |
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私は蟹にはさまれた。 |
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Gipaak ako sa kasag. |
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I was nipped by a crab. |
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Giabot ko sa kaguol. |
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私は悲しくなった。 |
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Giabot ko sa kaguol. |
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I became sad. |
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( kaguol = 悲しみ ) |
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( kaguol = sadness ) |
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Wala nako gituyo. |
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私の意図ではない。(わざとじゃない。) |
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Wala nako gituyo. |
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It wasn't my intention. |
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( tuyo = 意図する ) |
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( tuyo = intend ) |
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Unsay imong gisulti? |
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なんとおっしゃいました? |
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Unsay imong gisulti? |
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What have you said? |
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接頭辞gi- はまた自動詞について状態を表します。 |
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A prefix gi- shows condition about the
intransitive verb. |
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Gigutom ako. |
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腹がへった。 |
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Gigutom ako. |
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I'm hungry. |
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Giuhaw siya. |
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彼女は喉が乾いた。 |
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Giuhaw siya. |
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She felt thirsty. |
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Giadto nako ang kabaw sa tunaan. |
私はカラバオを水浴びに連れて行った。 |
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Giadto nako ang kabaw sa tunaan. |
I brought the carabao for bathing. |
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受益者を主格として取ることもあります。この時は接尾詞-an を伴います。 |
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A beneficiary is sometimes taken as a
nominative and in such case suffix 'an" is added. |
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Gibuhatan ni luz ug sinina ang monyeka. |
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Gibuhatan ni Luz ug sinina ang monyeka. |
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ルースが着物を作ってやったのは人形です。 |
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It was the doll for that Luz made a dress. |
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Gibuhat ni Luz ang sinina sa monyeka. |
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Gibuhat ni Luz ang sinina sa monyeka. |
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人形がルースに作ってもらったのは着物です。 |
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It was a dress that Luz made for the doll. |
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無理に訳すとこのようになりますが、こういう表現がフィリピン語では普通です。 |
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The future tense of the prefix 'gi' is 'i-'. |
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接頭辞 gi-の未来形が i-です。 |
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Akong ihalad kining awit sa akong inahan. |
I offer this song to my mother. |
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Akong ihalad kining awit sa akong inahan. |
この歌を母に捧げます。 |
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Kining awit ihalad nako para sa akong inahan. |
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Kining awit ihalad nako para sa akong inahan. |
( halad = 供える ) |
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( halad = offer ) |
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Gisulat ang awit karon. |
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今その歌が書かれている。 |
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Gisulat ang awit karon. |
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The song is written now. |
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Akong isulat ang imong ngalan sa papel. |
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私は紙に君の名を書く。 |
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Akong isulat ang imong ngalan sa papel. |
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I write your name on the paper. |
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( ngalan = 名前 papel = 紙 ) |
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( ngalan = name; papel = paper ) |
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Isulat nako ang imong ngalan sa papel. |
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Isulat nako ang imong ngalan sa papel. |
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Kining ballpen ihatag nimo kanako? |
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このボールペンくれませんか? |
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Kining ballpen ihatag nimo kanako? |
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You give me this ball pen? |
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| 7-8 |
pa-がつくと 「…させる」 の意味を含んだ別の動詞に変わります。 |
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7-8 |
When prefix 'pa' is stuck, it changes the
meaning contained "let one
do". (causative) |
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Miabot kami alas sete sa kagabii. |
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私達は昨夜7時に着きました。 |
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Miabot kami alas sete sa kagabii. |
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Last night we arrived at seven. |
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Gipaabot nako ang mga bisita. |
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私は来客を迎えた。 |
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Gipaabot nako ang mga bisita. |
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I welcomed/waited visitors. |
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( abot = 着く paabot = 迎える ) |
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( abot = arrive; paabot = greet/wait ) |
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Gidala niya ang bugnaw nga tubig. |
彼女は冷たい水を持ってきた。 |
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Gidala niya ang bugnaw nga tubig. |
she brought cold water. |
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( bugnaw = 冷たい ) |
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( bugnaw = cold ) |
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Gipadala niya ang bag-ong libro. |
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彼女は新しい本を送った。 |
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Gipadala niya ang bag-ong libro. |
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She sent a new book. |
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( dala = 持ってくる padala = 送る ) |
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( dala = bring; padala = send ) |
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Patan-awa siya sa imong sulat. |
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貴方の手紙を彼女に見せて。 |
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Patan-awa siya sa imong sulat. |
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Show your letter to her. |
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( tan-aw = 見る patan-aw = 見せる ) |
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( tan-aw = look; patan-aw = show ) |
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Padayona ug palingkura ang mga bisita. |
お客さんを入れて座らせてください。 |
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Padayona ug palingkura ang mga bisita. |
Let the guests in and sit. |
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( Dayon ug lingkud! = 入って、座って! ) |
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( Dayon ug lingkud! = Come in and have a seat! ) |
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Akong gipahigda ang batang nasakit. |
その病気の子供を私は寝かせた。 |
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Akong gipahigda ang batang nasakit. |
I laid down the sick child. |
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( higda = 横になる pahigda = 寝かせる ) |
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( higda = lie down; pahigda = lay down ) |
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Ikaw pakitaon ko sa akong tinagoan. |
僕の秘密を見せてあげよう。 |
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Ikaw pakitaon ko sa akong tinagoan. |
I'll show you my secret. |
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( kita = 見る pakita = 見せる tago = 隠す tinagoan = 秘密 ) |
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( kita = look; pakita = show; tago = hide; tinagoan = secret ) |
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| 7-9 |
pang/nang/mang で始まる動詞の活用 |
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7-9 |
pang/nang/mang |
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pag、nag、mag と同じ意味ですが語幹が特定の子音から始まる時にこの活用をします。 |
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"nang-mang" is used when a stem
begins from the specific consonant though it gives the |
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pangで始まる言葉は動名詞か名詞です。 これが動詞として活用する時はnang(過去) |
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same meaning as "nag, mag". A word
which begin with "pang" is a gerund or a noun. |
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mang(未来)を取ります。 Nagと活用することが無い動詞、両方ある動詞があります。 |
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Nangutana si Tatay "Nganong naulahi
ka?" |
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Nangutana si Tatay "Nganong naulahi
ka?" |
父は「何で遅いんだ?」と聞いた。 |
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My father asked " why are you late?" |
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Wala ko mangutana niya. |
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彼には何も聞かなかった。 |
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Wala ko mangutana niya. |
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I did not ask him. |
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Wala nako tubaga ang iyang pangutana. |
彼の質問には答えなかった。 |
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Wala nako tubaga ang iyang pangutana. |
I did not answer his question. |
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This conjugation is a form of the result that
the first letter of the stem was lost. |
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| 7-10 |
接尾辞 -on、 -hon |
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7-10 |
Suffix "on", "hon" |
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接尾辞-on ( 母音に付く場合は-honとなる事があります) は未来形で能動者の意志を表します。 |
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Suffix "on" ( In some case to
attach to vowel it may be "hon") shows future tense and also |
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受動形で使います。 |
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shows actors will. Use passive voice. |
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Patyon ko ikaw. |
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お前を殺してやる。 |
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Patyon ko ikaw. |
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I will kill you. |
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Basahon nako ugma ang libro. |
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明日その本を読みます。 |
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Basahon nako ugma ang libro. |
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I'll read the book tomorrow. |
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Sulaton ni Juan ang estorya. |
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その話はフアンが書くでしょう。 |
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Sulaton ni Juan ang estorya. |
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The story will be written by Juan. |
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Basahon ni Lito ang libro. |
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その本はリトが読むでしょう。 |
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Basahon ni Lito ang libro. |
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Lito will read the book. |
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Awiton nila ang kanta karong gabii. |
彼らは今夜その歌を歌います。 |
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Awiton nila ang kanta karong gabii. |
They will sing the song tonight. |
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| 7-11 |
接尾辞 -a、 -i |
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7-11 |
suffix
-a, -i |
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接尾辞 -a、 -i を付けると、命令形が出来ます。 |
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When you put suffix -a or -i, you can make
imperative sentence. |
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a. |
動詞の語尾に -a をつけます。 |
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a. |
a. put suffix -a after verb end. |
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Kan-a ang keyk. |
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ケーキを食べなさい。 |
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Kan-a ang keyk. |
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Eat the cake. |
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Tan-awa! |
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ごらん。 |
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Tan-awa! |
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Look! |
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Bukha ang imong mga mata! |
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目を開けて!(よく見ろ) |
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Bukha ang imong mga mata! |
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Open your eyes! |
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b. |
動詞の語尾に -i をつけると、「…に」とすることが出来ます。 |
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b. |
a. put suffix -i after verb end then objective
become clear. |
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Dad-i ko ug tubig. |
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私に水を持ってきてください。 |
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Dad-i ko ug tubig. |
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Bring me water. |
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Naabli ang pultahan. |
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戸が開けられた。 |
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Naabli ang portahan. |
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The door was opened. |
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Ablihi ang pultahan. |
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戸を開けてください。 |
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Ablihi ang portahan. |
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Open the door (for me). |
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-a と -i の違いは次のように誰に焦点を置くかです。 |
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The difference of -a and -i is like the
following. |
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Buhata ang senina sa monyeka. |
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人形に服を作りなさい。 |
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Buhata ang senina sa monyeka. |
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Make a dress for the doll. |
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Buhati ug senina ang monyeka. |
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人形に服を作ってやりなさい。 |
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Buhati ug senina ang monyeka. |
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Let the doll be made a dress. |
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Basaha ang libro. |
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本を読みなさい。 |
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Basaha ang libro. |
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Read the book. |
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Basahi siya ug libro. |
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彼に本を読んであげなさい。 |
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Basahi siya ug libro. |
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Read the book for him. |
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次の例のように、受益者なのか、目的物なのかはっきりしない場合もあります。 |
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But sometimes it's not so clear like the
following. |
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Putli ang pisi. |
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糸を切ってあげなさい。 |
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Putli ang pisi. |
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Let the string be cut. |
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Putla ang pisi. |
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糸を切りなさい。 |
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Putla ang pisi. |
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Cut the string. |
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接尾辞がつく多くの動詞は語幹も変化します。-an、-onの場合も同様です。 |
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When a suffix attached a plenty of stem also
have change like the following. |
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Imni kining juice. (inom) |
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このジュース(の一部)を飲みなさい。 |
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Imni kining juice. (inom) |
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Drink this juice. |
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Imna kining juice. (inom) |
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このジュース(の全部)を飲みなさい。 |
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Imna kining juice. (inom) |
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Drink this juice. |
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Dalhi ko og tubig. (dala) |
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私に水を持ってきて。 |
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Dalhi ko og tubig. (dala) |
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Bring me water. |
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Dalha ang tubig. (dala) |
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水を持っていって。(持ってきて) |
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Dalha ang tubig. (dala) |
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Bring the water. |
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| 7-12 |
接尾辞 -an |
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7-12 |
Suffix "an" |
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-an は動作の対象を主格と した場合使います。日本語で考える時は「〜してたのは」 |
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Suffix "an" is used when the object of action was focused
and became a subject. |
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「してた所は」と考えるといいでしょう。 |
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"where it has done" or
"what it was done" is the feeling translation. |
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Ang gamay nga balay dulaan sa prinsesa. |
その小さな家に王女様が遊んでいました。 |
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Ang gamay nga balay dulaan sa prinsesa. |
The princess played in the small house. |
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「王女が遊んでいたのは、その小さな家です」 という感じです。 |
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It is the small house in which the princess was
playing. |
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Hatagan ni Luis si Bronzie ug libro. |
ルイスはブロンジーに本をやった。 |
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Hatagan ni Luis si Bronzie ug libro. |
Luis gave a book to Bronzie. |
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Katulgan sa bisita ang imong kwarto. |
お客は君の部屋で眠った。 |
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Katulgan sa bisita ang imong kwarto. |
The guest slept in your room. |
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Bisitahan ni Rey si Fe. |
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レイはフェーを訪ねた。 |
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Bisitahan ni Rey si Fe. |
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Rey visited Fe. |
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習慣を表す場合 |
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In case to show a custom. |
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Akong hugasan ang awto nako kada Sabado. |
私は毎土曜日車を洗う。 |
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Akong hugasan ang awto nako kada Sabado. |
Every Saturday I wash may car. |
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Akong labhan ang senina nako kada adlaw. |
私は毎日私の服を洗う。 |
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Akong labhan ang senina nako kada adlaw. |
Everyday I wash my clothes. |
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7-13 |
Expression of "what " or
"which" |
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| 7-13 |
したもの、したこと などの表現 |
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Kini akong gustong mahibaloan. |
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This is what I like to know. |
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Kini akong gustong mahibaloan. |
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これが私の知りたいことなんです。 |
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Unsay imong gibuhat? |
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What did you do? |
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Unsay imong gibuhat? |
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何をしたの? |
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Unsay imong buhaton? |
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What will you do? |
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Unsay imong buhaton? |
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何をするの? |
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Unsay imong nabuhat? |
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What have you done? |
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Unsay imong nabuhat? |
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何をしでかしたんだ? |
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Daghan pa kaayo kita ug buhaton. |
We have still plenty to do. |
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Daghan pa kaayo kita ug buhaton. |
まだ私達はすることが一杯あります。 |
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7-14 |
Prefix ka-, ka- -an, ka- -on |
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| 7-14 |
接頭辞 ka-, ka- -an, ka- -on |
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When the prefix 'ka' was stuck to stem
it become noun. In case of additional suffix 'an' it become |
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語幹にkaが付くと名詞化されます。 語尾にanが加わると集合/抽象名詞化されます。 |
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a collective noun or an abstract noun. |
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mingaw 寂しい |
kamingaw 寂しさ |
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mingaw lonely |
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kamingaw
loneliness |
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sayod 知る |
kasayuran 知識、情報 |
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sayod
know |
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kasayuran knowledge |
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matay 死ぬ |
kamatayon 死亡 |
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matay die |
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kamatayon death |
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asul 青い |
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kaasul 青さ |
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asul blue |
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kaasul
blueness |
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Gusto kong asul nga langit. |
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青い空が好きです。 |
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Gusto kong asul nga langit. |
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I like the blue sky. |
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Gusto ko sa kaasul sa langit. |
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空の青さが好きです。 |
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Gusto ko sa kaasul sa langit. |
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I like the blueness of the sky. |
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| 7-15 |
接頭辞 ga- |
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7-15 |
Prefix ga- |
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接頭辞のga-は、nag- や、na-と同じように使う場合があります。 |
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Prefix 'ga-' is used same as 'nag-' or 'na-' in
case. |
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Gailis ko ug sapatos. |
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私は靴を替えた。 |
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Gailis ko ug sapatos. |
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I changed my shoes. |
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Nagilis ko ug sapatos. |
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私は靴を替えた。 |
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Nagilis ko ug sapatos. |
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I changed my shoes. |
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Giilisan nako ang sapatos. |
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私は靴を替えた。 |
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Giilisan nako ang sapatos. |
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I changed my shoes. |
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Gaguol ko nga mawala ka kanako. |
あなたの居なくなるのがつらい。 |
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Gaguol ko nga mawala ka kanako. |
I am sad that you leave me. |
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Maguol ko nga mawala ka kanako. |
あなたの居なくなるのがつらい。 |
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Maguol ko nga mawala ka kanako. |
I am sad that you leave me. |
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7-16 |
combination of affix |
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| 7-16 |
接辞が重なる例 |
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bangga: bump |
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banggaay: bump each other |
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bangga ぶつかる |
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banggaay ぶつかり合う |
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('-ay' is a suffix which mean "each
other") |
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(-ay は〜し合うの意味の接尾辞です) |
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kabanggaay: collision |
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nagkabanggaay: had a collision |
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kabanggaay 衝突 |
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nagkabanggaay 衝突した |
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pagkabanggaay: having a collision |
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pagkabanggaay 衝突すること |
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7-17 |
In affix there are not only prefix or suffix
but also infix like as 'in' or 'um'. |
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| 7-17 |
接辞は頭や最後ばかりでなく単語のなかに入る-in-、-um-などの接中辞があります。 |
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mahal: worthy ⇒ minahal: sweetheart |
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mahal 大切な ⇒ minahal 恋人 |
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buhat: make ⇒ binuhat: artificial |
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buhat 作る ⇒ binuhat 人工物 |
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bulan: month ⇒ binulan: monthly |
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bulan 月 ⇒ binulan 毎月の |
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Pasko: Christmas ⇒ pinaskohan: Christmas gift |
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Pasko クリスマス ⇒ pinaskohan クリスマスの贈り物 |
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8 |
Interrogative sentence |
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| 8 |
疑問文 |
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8-1 |
Using 'ba' |
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| 8-1 |
ba を使う疑問文 |
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You can make Interrogative sentence by
changing the tone high the end of the sentence. |
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日本語と同様に語尾を上げることで疑問文になります。 また日本語の「〜か?」 |
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But if you add 'ba' then it makes more clear. |
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と同様に、baという疑問辞があります。 |
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Molakaw ba sila ugma? |
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Will they leave tomorrow? |
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Molakaw ba sila ugma? |
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彼らは明日たつのですか。 |
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Buotan ba kanang babae? |
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Is that woman kind? |
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Buotan ba kanang babae? |
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その女性は良いひとですか。 |
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Mokaon ba ako? |
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Shall I eat? |
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Mokaon ba ako? |
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食べてもいいですか。 |
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Limpyo ba ang bata? |
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Is the child clean? |
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Limpyo ba ang bata? |
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その子は清潔ですか。 |
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Kugihan ba si Pedro? |
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Is Pedro industrious? |
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Kugihan ba si Pedro? |
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ペドロは勤勉ですか。 |
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'ba' is usually placed after the verb or
predicate. But monosyllabic words |
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ba は普通動詞又は述語の後ろにきます。 |
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ka, ko, mo, na, pa, etc) may be placed before 'ba'. |
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但し一音節の単語(ka,ko,mo,na,pa,その他) はbaの前に来ることができます。 |
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Molakaw na ba sila? |
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Will they go now? |
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Molakaw na ba sila? |
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もう彼らは行きますか。 |
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Molakaw ka na ba? Molakaw na ba ka? |
Will you go already? |
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Molakaw ka na ba? Molakaw na ba ka? |
君はもう立ちますか。 |
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Hugaw pa ba siya? |
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Is he still dirty? |
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Hugaw pa ba siya? |
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まだ彼は汚いですか。 |
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makahimo, mahimo 英語のCan, may にあたる出来ますか?いいですか?の表現。 |
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'makahimo' or 'mahimo' is corresponding
'can' or 'may' in English. |
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Makahimo ka ba pagsulti niya? |
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彼に話してもらえますか。 |
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Makahimo ka ba pagsulti niya? |
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Could you tell him? |
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* ba を使う疑問文の答えは Oo/O または Dili/Di Wala/Wa 等になります。 |
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* The answer to the interrogative sentence
using 'ba' is 'Oo/O' or 'Dili/Di' or 'Wala/Wa'. |
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| 8-2 |
疑問詞( 疑問代名詞) で始まる疑問文 |
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8-2 |
Interrogative pronoun |
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疑問詞を使った文は、baがあってもなくてもかまいません。 |
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'ba' is not must when you use
interrogative pronoun. |
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kinsa 誰 |
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kinsa who |
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Kinsa ba ang imong kauban? |
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あなたのお連れの方はどなたですか。 |
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Kinsa ba ang imong kauban? |
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Who is your company? |
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Kinsa bay imong kauban? |
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Kinsa bay imong kauban? |
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Kinsa ka? |
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お前誰だ? |
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Kinsa ka? |
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Who are you? |
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Kinsa ang kinsa? |
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どっちがどっち? |
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Kinsa ang kinsa? |
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Who is who? |
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unsa 何 |
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unsa
what |
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Unsa ba ang imong gusto. |
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何がお好きですか。 |
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Unsa ba ang imong gusto. |
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What do you like? |
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Unsa bay imong gusto? |
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(あなたの好きな者は物は何ですか) |
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Unsa bay imong gusto? |
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(What is your favorite?) |
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Unsay ngalan nimo? |
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あなたのお名前は? |
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Unsay ngalan nimo? |
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What is your name? |
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bay とか unsay は、 ba ang や unsa ang の省略形です。 |
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bay' or 'unsay' is same as 'ba ang' or 'unsa
ang'. |
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Unsa ka kataas? |
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どの位君は高いのですか?(背が) |
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Unsa ka kataas? |
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How tall are you? |
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Unsa mang dulaa? |
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何の遊び? |
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Unsa mang dulaa? |
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What kind of play? |
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Unsang isdaa? |
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何て魚? |
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Unsang isdaa? |
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What kind of fish? |
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Unsa ang bahin nimo? |
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あなたはどうなの? |
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Unsa ang bahin nimo? |
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How about you? |
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Gi-unsa nimo pagkaila nako? |
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どうやって僕を知ったの? |
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Gi-unsa nimo pagkaila nako? |
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How did you know me? |
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Naunsa kaha? |
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一体どうしたの。何があったの? |
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Naunsa kaha? |
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What happened? |
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Unsa na imong giluto? |
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何を料理しましたか? |
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Unsa na imong giluto? |
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What did you cook? |
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Naunsa na imong giluto? |
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君の料理どうしちゃったの? |
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Naunsa na imong giluto? |
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What happened in your cooking. |
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ngano 何故、どうして |
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ngano why |
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Nganong nagkatawa ka? |
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なんで笑ってるんだよ? |
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Nganong nagkatawa ka? |
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Why are you laughing? |
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Wala ako masayod ngano. |
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私には何故かわかりません。 |
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Wala ako masayod ngano. |
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I don't know why. |
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kanus-a 何時 anus-a 何時(未来に限る) |
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kanus-a when; anus-a when (limit only future tense) |
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Kanus-a ka ba molakaw? |
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何時あなたはいきますか。 |
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Kanus-a ka ba molakaw? |
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When will you go? |
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Anus-a ka molakaw? |
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Anus-a ka molakaw? |
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Kanus-a ba sila moabot? |
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何時彼らは着くのか。 |
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Kanus-a ba sila moabot? |
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When will they arrive? |
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Kanus-a ka mianhi? |
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いつ来ました? |
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Kanus-a ka mianhi? |
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When did you come? |
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tagpila いくら |
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tagpila how much |
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Tagpila ba kini? |
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これはいくらですか。 |
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Tagpila ba kini? |
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How much is this? |
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Tagpila ba ang abang sa usa ka adlaw? |
1日雇っていくらですか。 |
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Tagpila ba ang abang sa usa ka adlaw? |
How much is the hire for one day. |
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( abang = レンタル・雇う ) |
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( abang = rental, hire ) |
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pila いくつ、いくら |
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pila
how many, how much |
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Pila ba ang imong anak? |
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あなたの子供は何人ですか。 |
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Pila ba ang imong anak? |
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How many children do you have? |
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Pila bay imong anak? |
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あなたの子供は何人ですか。 |
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Pila bay imong anak? |
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How many children do you have? |
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Pila kabuok ang imong igsoon? |
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あなたの兄弟は何人ですか。 |
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Pila kabuok ang imong igsoon? |
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How many brothers/sisters do you have? |
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kabuok 個とか人とか数えられるものの単位 |
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kabuok:
unit of numerable thing |
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Pila kametro ang kalawom sa dagat? |
海の深さは何メートルですか。 |
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Pila kametro ang kalawom sa dagat? |
How many meters is the depth of the sea? |
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asa どこ |
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asa
where |
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Asa ka ba paingon? |
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どこへいくの。 |
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Asa ka ba paingon? |
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Where are you going? |
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Asa ako mopalit ug ticket sa Supercat? |
スーパーキャットの切符はどこで買うの? |
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Asa ako mopalit ug ticket sa Supercat? |
Where shall I buy the ticket for the Super Cat? |
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hain どこに |
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hain
where |
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Hain ang lugar sa cosmetik? |
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化粧品売り場はどこですか? |
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Hain ang lugar sa cosmetik? |
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Where is the place for cosmetics. |
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diin |
どこ(過去) |
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diin |
where(past tense) |
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Diin siya gikan? |
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彼はどこからですか? |
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Diin siya gikan? |
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Where does he come from? |
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kumosta |
いかに |
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kumosta how |
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Kumosta ang imong Inahan? |
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お母さんの具合はどうですか? |
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Kumosta ang imong Inahan? |
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How is your mother? |
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| 8-3 |
感嘆文 |
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8-3 |
Exclamatory sentence |
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接頭辞pagkaのついた動詞をつかう。 |
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pagka- |
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Pagka nindot niining bungtod. |
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なんてきれいな山なんだ。 |
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Pagkanindot niining bungtod. |
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How beautiful this mountain is! |
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Pagkadako sa building. |
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なんとでっかいビルだ。 |
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Pagkadako sa building. |
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|
How big the building is! |
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Pagkataas mo. |
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なんてあなたは、背が高いの。 |
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Pagkataas mo. |
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How tall you are! |
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Unsa を使う。 |
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unsa |
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Unsa kanindot kining bungtod. |
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なんてきれいな山なんだ。 |
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Unsa kanindot kining bungtod! |
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How beautiful this mountain is! |
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Unsa kadako ang building. |
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なんとでっかいビルだ。 |
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Unsa kadako ang building. |
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How big the building is! |
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Unsa man ang imong katas-on. |
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なんてあなたは、背が高いの。 |
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Unsa man ang imong katas-on. |
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How tall you are! |
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Unsa kalooy. |
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かわいそう! |
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Unsa kalooy. |
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How pity! |
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Unsaは疑問文の場合と似てしまいます。 |
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It's similar to interrogative sentence. |
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Unsa kalawom ang suba. |
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川はなんて深いんだ。 |
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Unsa kalawom ang suba. |
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|
How deep the river is. |
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Unsa ba kalawom ang suba? |
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川はどの位深いの? |
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Unsa ba kalawom ang suba? |
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How deep is the river? |
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| 9 |
否定文 |
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9 |
Negative sentence |
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| 9-1 |
否定文は、wala か dili の否定詞が使われます。英語の not/no にあたります。 |
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9-1 |
To
make negative sentence 'wala' or 'dili' is put on the top or before verb. |
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過去形では wala、未来形では dili を使いますが日本語同様に時制ははっきりしな |
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Basically 'wala' is for the past tense and
'dili' is for future tense. |
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い場合があります。 |
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The verb after 'wala' or 'dili' takes future tense form. |
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wala あるいはdiliの後にくる動詞は、未来形を使います。 |
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Wala sila mokaon. / Sila wala mokaon. |
彼らは何も食べなかった。 |
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Wala sila mokaon. / Sila wala mokaon. |
They didn't eat (anything). |
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Wala siya mosulti sa tinuod. |
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彼女は本当のことを話さなかった。 |
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Wala siya mosulti sa tinuod. |
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She didn't tell the truth. |
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Siya wala mosulti sa tinuod. |
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Siya wala mosulti sa tinuod. |
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Wala siya moabot. |
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彼女は着いていない。 |
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Wala siya moabot. |
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He hasn't arrived. |
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Wala ako makasabot. |
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僕には、わからない。 |
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Wala ako makasabot. |
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I don't understand. |
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Wala magbanga atong sakyanan.. |
僕らの乗物はぶつからなかった。 |
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Wala magbanga atong sakyanan.. |
Our vehicle had not bumped. |
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Dili siya mokaon. |
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彼は食べないよ。 |
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Dili siya mokaon. |
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He will not eat. |
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Dili siya mosulti sa tinuod. |
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彼は本当のことは言わないよ。 |
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Dili siya mosulti sa tinuod. |
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She will not tell the truth. |
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Dili sila gustong molakaw. |
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彼らは行きたがっていない。 |
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Dili sila gustong molakaw. |
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They don't want to go. |
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Dili kini mabuak. |
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これは、こわれません。 |
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Dili kini mabuak. |
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This will not be broken. |
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| 9-2 |
wala はまた 何も無い(nothing) の意味でも使われます。 |
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9-2 |
'wala' is used as the meaning of
'nothing'. |
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この場合は未来の事柄でも 'dili' は使いません。 |
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In
this case 'dili' is not good even in the future tense. |
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Wala siya dinhi. |
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彼はここにはいません。 |
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Wala siya dinhi. |
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He is not here. |
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Duna ka bay libro? |
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本を持っていますか。 |
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Duna ka bay libro? |
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Do you have a book? |
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Wala. |
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無いです。 |
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Wala. |
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No. |
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Wala kami klase karon. |
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今日は授業がありません。 |
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Wala kami klase karon. |
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We don't have class today. |
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Kami walay klase ugma. |
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明日は授業がありません。 |
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Kami walay klase ugma. |
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We will not have class tomorrow. |
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wala はまた 動詞としても使います。 |
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When you put prefix 'na' or 'ma', wala
become a verb also. |
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Nawala ang akong lapis. |
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僕の鉛筆が無くなった。 |
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Nawala ang akong lapis. |
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My pencil was lost. |
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| 9-3 |
否定の意志や感情を表す時は dili を使います。 |
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9-3 |
To show the will or feeling, 'dili' is useful. |
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Moadto ka ba sa Sugbo? Dili. |
|
あなたはセブにいくのですか。 いいえ。 |
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Moadto ka ba sa Sugbo? Dili. |
|
Will you go to Cebu city? No, I won't. |
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Gusto ka ba'g saging? |
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|
バナナをお好きですか。 |
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Gusto ka ba'g saging? |
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Dou you like banana? |
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Dili ako gusto ug saging. |
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好きではありません。 |
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Dili ako gusto ug saging. |
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|
No, I don't like banana. |
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Ang akong tubag dili. |
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私の答えはNoです。 |
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Ang akong tubag dili. |
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My answer is No. |
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Dili ko moadto sa merkado. |
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私はマーケットに行きません。 |
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Dili ko moadto sa merkado. |
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I will not go to market. |
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| 9-4 |
dili は時に di と省略され wala は時に wa と省略されることがあります。 |
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9-4 |
'dili' is often abridged as 'di' and
'wala' is as 'wa' likewise. |
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| 10 |
命令文 |
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10 |
Imperative |
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| 10-1 |
受動態を使った命令形 (接尾辞 a,ii 参照) |
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10-1 |
Imperative sentence by passive voice |
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なにやら難しい表現になりましたが、受益者が主語の場合は接尾に '-i' をつけます。 |
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When it is used to focus to the recipients,
put the suffix 'i' to the end of stem. |
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Tabangi ko! |
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助けて! |
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Tabangi ko! |
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Help me! |
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Tagai ko ug tubig. |
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水をください。 |
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Tagai ko ug tubig. |
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Give me a glass of water. |
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Paliti ug dulaan ang bata. |
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子供におもちゃを買ってやれ。 |
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Paliti ug dulaan ang bata. |
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Buy a toy for the child. |
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対象物が主語の場合接尾に '-a' をつけます。 |
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Put the suffix 'a' to the top of stem when to
focus to the recipients, |
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Kantaha ang mga hymn. |
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賛美歌を歌ってください。 |
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Kantaha ang mga hymn. |
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Sing the hymns. |
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Tan-awa! (ang bulak) |
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ごらん。(その花を、などが省略されている) |
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Tan-awa! (ang bulak) |
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Look! (the flower) |
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Tubag! Tubaga na ako. |
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答えよ、我に答えよ。 |
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Tubag! Tubaga na ako. |
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Answer, answer me immediately. |
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| 10-2 |
能動態での命令文 |
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10-2 |
Active voice |
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原型または動名詞の形で使います。 |
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Root word or gerund form |
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すぐ実行させたい時は、na(もう)を伴うことが普通です。 |
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If you wish the action immediately add 'na'(already). |
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a. |
語幹の前に pag-をつけた動名詞にします。 |
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a. |
gerund: put 'pag' as prefix. |
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Pagsulti sa tinuod. |
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真実を語れ。 |
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Pagsulti sa tinuod. |
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Tell the truth. |
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Pagbantay sa paglakaw! |
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歩いていくのを気をつけなさい。 |
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Pagbantay sa paglakaw! |
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Be careful for walking. |
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Pag-ilis na! |
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もう替えなさい。 |
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Pag-ilis na! |
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Change now. |
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b. |
動詞の原型のまま使います。 |
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b. |
Use root word |
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Kaon sa mga prutas. |
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果物を食べなさい。 |
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Kaon sa mga prutas. |
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Eat fruits. |
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Sakay na kamo. |
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皆さん乗ってください。 |
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Sakay na kamo. |
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Ride on, everybody. |
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複数に対する命令には kamoで示します。 |
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To order plural recipients use 'kamo'. |
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Adto kamo sa simbahan. |
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あなた方、教会へ行きなさい。 |
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Adto kamo sa simbahan. |
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Everybody, go to church. |
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Bantay ha? |
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気をつけて、ね? |
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Bantay ha? |
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Take care, eh? |
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Pauli na. |
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もう帰りなさい。 |
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Pauli na. |
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Go home now. |
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Kon dili ka mosayaw, kanta. |
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踊らないなら、歌って。 |
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Kon dili ka mosayaw, kanta. |
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If you don't dance, sing! |
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Hulat lang. |
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ちょっと待って。 |
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Hulat lang. |
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Just wait. |
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Dali kamo. |
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皆いそいで。 |
皆おいで。 |
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Dali kamo. |
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Hurry up. |
Come here! |
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Bangon na! |
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もう起きて! |
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Bangon na! |
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Get up now. |
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| 10-3 |
禁止文 |
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10-3 |
Prohibition |
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禁止文(否定命令)は、命令文の頭に Ayaw をつけるだけです。 |
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To show prohibition is putting 'Ayaw' before
the imperative sentence. |
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a. |
受動態での禁止文 |
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a. |
Passive voice |
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Ayaw kan-a ang iyang keyk. |
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彼女のお菓子を食べてはいけない。 |
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Ayaw kan-a ang iyang keyk. |
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Don't eat her cake. |
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Ayaw kuhaa ang akong lapis. |
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私の鉛筆をとらないで下さい。 |
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Ayaw kuhaa ang akong lapis. |
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Don't get my pencil. |
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Ayaw imna ang iyang gatas. |
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彼のミルクを飲んではいけない。 |
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Ayaw imna ang iyang gatas. |
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Don't drink his milk. |
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Ayaw putla ang lubid. |
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その糸を切らないで。 |
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Ayaw putla ang lubid. |
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Don't cut the string. |
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Ayaw ablihi ang pultahan. |
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その戸をあけないで。 |
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Ayaw ablihi ang pultahan. |
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Don't open the door. |
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Ayaw sulati ang akong mga libro. |
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私の本に書かないで下さい。 |
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Ayaw sulati ang akong mga libro. |
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Don't write on my book. |
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Ayaw kan-a ang walay-hugas nga utanon. |
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Ayaw kan-a ang walay-hugas nga utanon. |
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洗ってない野菜を食べてはいけない。 |
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Don't eat unwashed vegetables. |
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Ayaw basaha ang akong sulat. |
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私の手紙を読むな。 |
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Ayaw basaha ang akong sulat. |
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Don't read my letter. |
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Ayaw una ug tan-awa. |
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まだ見ないで。 |
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Ayaw una ug tan-awa. |
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Don't look first. |
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b. |
Ayaw pag-adto. |
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行ってはいけない。 |
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b. |
Using gerund form |
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Ayaw kamo pag-adto. |
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君達、行ってはいけない。 |
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Ayaw pag-adto. |
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Don't go. |
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Ayaw pag-sunod nako. |
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私についてきてはいけない。 |
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Ayaw kamo pag-adto. |
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You should not go. |
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Ayaw kamo pag-sunod nako. |
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君たち、ついてきてはいけない。 |
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Ayaw pag-sunod nako. |
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Don't follow me. |
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Ayaw pagkaon kanunay. |
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いつも食べてばかりいるな。 |
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Ayaw kamo pag-sunod nako. |
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Don't follow me. |
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Ayaw pagsulti sa tinuod. |
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本当の事を言わないで下さい。 |
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Ayaw pagkaon kanunay. |
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Don't eat always something. |
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Ayaw na paghilak, bata. |
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もう泣かないで、ぼうや。 |
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Ayaw pagsulti sa tinuod. |
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Don't tell the truth. |
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Ayaw pagbasa sa ngit-ngit. |
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暗いとこで読んではいけません。 |
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Ayaw na paghilak, bata. |
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Don't cry anymore, baby. |
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自動詞の場合は、ka- またはpagka-の接頭辞を付けます。 |
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Ayaw pagbasa sa ngit-ngit. |
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Don't read at dark place. |
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Ayaw kamo kahadlok. |
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皆、怖がらないで。 |
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Ayaw kamo kahadlok. |
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Don't be afraid. |
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Ayaw kasuko. |
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おこらないで。 |
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Ayaw kasuko. |
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Don't get angry. |
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Ayaw na pagkabalaka. |
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おかまいなく。/気にしないで下さい。 |
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Ayaw na pagkabalaka. |
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Don't mind me. / Don't worry. |
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| 10-4 |
丁寧に言おうと思ったら、最初か最後に Palihog をつけると丁寧になります。 |
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10-4 |
To make polite expression put 'Palihog' on the
top or the end of sentence. |
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Palihug pagsulti hinay-hinay. |
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もう少しゆっくり話して頂けますか。 |
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Palihug pagsulti hinay-hinay. |
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Could you speak more slowly? |
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( hinay = ゆっくり hinay-hinay = もっとゆっくり) |
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( hinay = slowly hinay-hinay = more slowly) |
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| 10-5 |
依頼文 …しようよ。 |
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10-5 |
Let us do (Exhortation) |
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英語のLet us に当たる表現は、kita の未来形を使って表します。 |
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To make 'Let us', use future tense with 'kita'. |
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Magdula kita. |
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遊ぼうよ |
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Magdula kita. |
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Let's play. |
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Adto na kita. |
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行こう |
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Adto na kita. |
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Let's go. |
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Atong bagtingon ang lingganay. |
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鐘をならそう。 |
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Atong bagtingon ang lingganay. |
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Let's ring the bell. |
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( bagting = 鳴らす lingganay = 鐘 ) |
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( bagting = ring lingganay = bell ) |
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| 10-6 |
ある、という言い方 |
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10-6 |
Expression of be or have |
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nia, ania |
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ここにある、いる |
naa, anaa |
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そこにある、いる |
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nia, ania: here is |
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naa, anaa: there is |
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Naa ba si Mr. Sato? |
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佐藤さんはいますか?(電話などで) |
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Naa ba si Mr. Sato? |
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Is there Mr.Sato? |
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Nia na ako. |
Ania na ko. |
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ただいま。 |
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Nia na ako. |
Ania na ko. |
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I'm home. |
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Ania na ang Taxi. |
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丁度タクシーが来た。 |
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Ania na ang Taxi. |
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Here is the taxi. |
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Nia ang regalo sa imong Birthday. |
これ、お誕生日のプレゼントですよ。 |
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Nia ang regalo sa imong Birthday. |
This is your birthday gift. |
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Ayaw pagsaba kon naay mangadye. |
お祈りしている時はうるさくしないで。 |
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Ayaw pagsaba kon naay mangadye. |
Don't annoy when they are in prayer. |
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ko ang ⇒ koy |
duna ang ⇒ dunay |
walay = wala ang |
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ko ang ⇒ koy |
duna ang ⇒ dunay |
walay = wala ang |
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duna, aduna, na |
持つ |
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duna, aduna: have |
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Duna kay kuwarta? |
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お金ある? |
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Duna kay kuwarta? |
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Do you have money? |
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Walay kuwarta. = Wala ang kuwarta. |
お金ない。 |
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Walay kuwarta = Wala ang kuwarta |
No money. |
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Naay kuwarta? |
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お金ある? |
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Naay kuwarta? |
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Do you have money? |
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Aduna ba siyay maanyag nga dalaga? |
彼女は綺麗な娘がいるね? |
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Aduna ba siyay maanyag nga dalaga? |
Does he have a beautiful daughter? |
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Duna koy sakyanan. |
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私は乗り物を持っている |
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Duna koy sakyanan. |
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I have a vehicle. |
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Dunay moanhi sa ato. |
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私達を訪ねてくる人が居る。 |
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Dunay moanhi sa ato. |
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I'll have a visitor. |
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Duna ba kamoy binurdahang panyo? |
刺繍のハンカチありますか。 |
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Duna ba kamoy binurdahang panyo? |
Do you have an embroidered handkerchief? |
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Oo, duna kami. |
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はい、あります。 |
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Oo, duna kami. |
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Yes we have. |
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mao, may |
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である。 |
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mao, may: be |
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Ang pagpanahi maoy nakabese nako
matag-Sabado. |
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Ang pagpanahi maoy nakabese nako
matag-Sabado. |
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(bese = busy 忙しい) |
毎土曜は私は裁縫で忙しい。 |
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(bese = busy ) |
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I'm busy by sewing every Saturday. |
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Ang atong agenda karong hapona mao ang
komperensiya nga himoon sa Tokyo. |
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Ang atong agenda karong hapona mao ang
komperensiya nga himoon sa Tokyo. |
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今日の議題は東京で開かれる大会についてです。 |
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Today's agenda is about the conference in
Tokyo. |
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May sinina nga asul, pula, ug dalag. |
青、赤、黄の服です。 |
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May sinina nga asul, pula, ug dalag. |
They are blue, red and yellow dresses. |
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May putos iyang gidala. |
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彼の持ってきた包みです。 |
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May putos iyang gidala. |
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It's a bundle he brought. |
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| 11 |
複合文(助動詞を使った文) |
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11 |
compound sentence |
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各動詞とも、一般動詞としても使えます。また一般動詞も助動詞的に使えます。 |
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There is no specific auxiliary verb.
Normal verb can be used like as auxiliary using ligature. |
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二つの文を nga で繋げます。 繋げ方は、第5章参照。 |
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nga が省略される時もあります。 |
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| 11-1 |
gusto、buot |
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…をしたい。 |
…が好きである。 |
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11-1 |
gusto, buot |
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like to do / want to |
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Gusto nako si Mary./ Ako gusto ni Mary. |
私はマリが好きです。 |
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Gusto nako si Mary. |
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I like Mary. |
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Gusto sila nga magdula ug golf. |
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彼らはゴルフをしたがっています。 |
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Gusto sila nga magdula sa golf. |
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They want to play golf. |
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Gustong mokaon ug keyk ang bata. |
その子は菓子を食べたがっています。 |
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Gustong mokaon ug keyk ang bata. |
The child wants to eat a cake. |
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Gustong mobasa si Mary ug Bibliya. |
マリは聖書を読みたがっている。 |
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Gustong mobasa si Mary ug Bibliya. |
Mary wants to read Bible. |
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Gusto ni Mary ang pagbasa ug Bibliya. |
マリは聖書を読むのが好きです。 |
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Gusto ni Mary ang pagbasa ug Bibliya. |
Mary likes reading Bible. |
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Dili ko gustong mosayaw. |
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私は踊りたくない。 |
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Dili ko gustong mosayaw. |
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I don't want to dance. |
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Dili ba siya gustong mosulti? |
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彼女は話たがらないのか? |
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Dili ba siya gustong mosulti? |
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Doesn't she like to speak? |
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Gusto bang molakaw ang lalaki? |
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その男は行きたがっていますか。 |
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Gusto bang molakaw ang lalaki? |
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Does the man want to go? |
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Gusto nakong moinom ug gatas. |
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私は牛乳を飲むのが好きです。 |
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Gusto nakong moinom ug gatas. |
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I like to drink milk. |
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| 11-2 |
kinahanglan/gikinahanglan |
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…が必要である |
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11-2 |
kinahanglan/gikinahanglan |
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need sth
/ have to do / must |
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Gikinahanglan nato ang pagkaon. |
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私達は食べ物が必要です。 |
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Gikinahanglan nato ang pagkaon. |
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We need foods. |
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Kinahanglang moadto ko. |
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私は行かなければならない。 |
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Kinahanglang moadto ko. |
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I must go. |
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Kinahanglan siyang magtuon ug maayo. |
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Kinahanglan siyang magtuon ug maayo. |
He must study hard. |
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彼はうんと勉強しなければいけない。 |
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Kinahanglang mokaon ug lab-as nga mga utanon
ang mga bata. |
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Kinahanglang mokaon ug lab-as nga mga utanon
ang mga bata. |
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子供は新鮮な野菜を食べる必要がある。 |
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Children need to eat fresh vegetables. |
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Kinahanglan sila nga moadto sa simbahan. |
彼らは教会に行かなければいけない。 |
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Kinahanglan sila nga moadto sa simbahan. |
They have to go to church. |
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Gikinahanglan natong maligo kada adlaw. |
我々は毎日水浴する必要があります。 |
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Gikinahanglan natong maligo kada adlaw. |
We need to take a bath everyday. |
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| 11-3 |
makahimo/mahimo |
…ができる、 …をしてよい |
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11-3 |
makahimo/mahimo |
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can / may / be able to |
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Makahimo kang mosugod karon. |
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今、始めていいですよ。 |
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Makahimo kang mosugod karon. |
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Now you may start. |
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Makahimo akong mosulti karon sa Bisaya. |
今や私はビサヤ語で話せる。 |
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Makahimo akong mosulti karon sa Bisaya. |
Now I can speak Visaya. |
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Mahimo ka ba maghulat? |
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お待ちいただけますか。 |
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Mahimo ka ba maghulat? |
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Could you wait? |
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Mahimo bang hatagi ko'g itlog ug tostadang pan? |
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Mahimo bang hatagi ko'g itlog ug tostadang pan? |
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私に卵とトーストパンを貰えますか? |
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May I have an egg and toasted breads? |
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| 11-4 |
動名詞を使った文 |
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11-4 |
Using gerund |
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mi-mo、nag-mag活用の動詞には、接頭辞としてpag をつけます。 |
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Put a prefix 'pag' to the verb which conjugate
with mi-mo or nag-mag. |
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Milakaw siya paingon sa Estados Unidos. |
彼はアメリカに立った。 |
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Milakaw siya paingon sa Estados Unidos. |
He left to USA. |
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Ang iyang paglakaw nakapasubo nako. |
私は彼の出発が悲しかった。 |
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Ang iyang paglakaw nakapasubo nako. |
His leaving made me sad. |
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直訳すると、彼の出発は私を悲しくさせた。となります。 |
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Gusto siyang mokaon ug mga tam-is. |
She likes to eat sweets. |
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Gusto siyang mokaon ug mga tam-is. |
彼は甘いものを食べたがっている。 |
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Ang pagkaon ug mga tam-is nakatambok niya. |
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Ang pagkaon ug mga tam-is nakatambok niya. |
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Taking sweets made her fat. |
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甘いものを食べることで彼女は太った。 |
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Gusto kong magtanom ug mga jasmin sa among
nataran. |
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Gusto kong magtanom ug mga jasmin sa among
nataran. |
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I like to plant jasmine on our garden. |
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庭にジャスミンを植えたい。 |
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Ang pagtanom ug jasmin lisud kaayo. |
Planting Jasmine is very difficult. |
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Ang pagtanom ug jasmin lisud kaayo. |
ジャスミンを植えるのはとても難しい。 |
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Nagsulat siya sa iyang asawa. |
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He is writing to his wife. |
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Nagsulat siya sa iyang asawa. |
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彼は妻に手紙を書いている。 |
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Ang iyang pagsulat sa iyang asawa nakalipay
niya. |
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Ang iyang pagsulat sa iyang asawa nakalipay
niya. |
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His writing to his wife makes her happy. |
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彼の妻への手紙は彼女を喜ばせた。 |
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Put prefix 'pagka' to the verb stem which
conjugate with 'na-ma'. |
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na-ma 動詞の場合は接頭辞としてpagka を付けます。 |
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Naligo siya gahapon. |
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Yesterday he took bath. |
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Naligo siya gahapon. |
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昨日彼は水浴した。 |
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Ang iyang kanunayng pagkaligo nakasakit
niya. |
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Ang iyang kanunayng pagkaligo nakasakit niya. |
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His frequent bathing made him sick. |
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しょっちゅう水浴するので彼は風邪をひいた。 |
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Nasuko siya. |
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He got angry. |
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Nasuko siya. |
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彼は怒っている。 |
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Nahadlok ako sa iyang pagkasuko. |
I was afraid him getting angry. |
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Nahadlok ako sa iyang pagkasuko. |
私は彼の怒るのが怖かった。 |
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Ang iyang pagkasuko nakahadlok nako. |
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Ang iyang pagkasuko nakahadlok nako. |
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| 11-5 |
リガテュアでつなぐ文 |
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Hinay siya nga milakaw padulong sa princesa. |
彼はゆっくり王女に近づいてった。 |
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11-5 |
Connecting by ligature. |
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Nahadlok siya nga dili makatubag sa pangutana. |
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Hinay siya nga milakaw padulong sa princesa. |
He slowly went forward to the princess. |
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彼は質問に答えられないのを恐れた。 |
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Nahadlok siya nga dili makatubag sa pangutana. |
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Daghan ang mga tawo nga nakita niya. |
彼の見た人々は沢山だった。 |
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He was afraid not to able to answer the
question. |
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沢山の人々を彼は見た。 |
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Daghan ang mga tawo nga nakita niya. |
He saw a lot of people. |
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Malipayon kaayo siya nga naghulat sa iyang
inadlawan. |
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Malipayon kaayo siya nga naghulat sa iyang
inadlawan. |
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彼女は誕生日ギフトを待っているのが楽しかった。 |
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She was very happy to wait for her birthday
present. |
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Gusto na kaayo sila nga motan-aw sa giputos nga
inadlawan. |
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Gusto na kaayo sila nga motan-aw sa giputos nga
inadlawan. |
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彼らは誕生日ギフトの包みを見たがった |
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They wanted to see the package of birthday
present. |
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Gusto ko + nga ⇒ Gusto kong 又は Ako gustong |
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Gusto ko + nga ⇒ Gusto kong
or Ako gustong |
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Gusto kong moinom ug gatas. |
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僕は牛乳を飲みたい。 |
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Gusto kong moinom ug gatas. |
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I like to drink milk. |
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Gustong mokaon sa keyk ang bata. |
その子はお菓子を食べたがっている。 |
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Gustong mokaon sa keyk ang bata. |
The child wants to eat the cake. |
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動名詞とngaの使いわけ |
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Difference between gerund and ligature |
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Makahimo ka paglakaw pero balik dayon. |
行くのはいいけど直ぐ帰ってきてね。 |
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Makahimo ka paglakaw pero balik dayon. |
You may go but come back immediately. |
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Makahimo ka nga molakaw pero balik dayon. |
行ってもいいけど直ぐ帰ってきてね。 |
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Makahimo ka nga molakaw pero balik dayon. |
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| 12 |
文字の変化 |
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12 |
Inflection by suffix |
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接辞がついた場合に、子音が発音しにくくなると、変化する場合があります。 |
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There are some changes of consonant when suffix
adopted. |
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| 12-1 |
d→n |
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s→n |
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t→n |
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12-1 |
d→n |
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s→n |
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t→n |
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dagko |
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大きい |
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nanagko |
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大きくなる |
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dagko |
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big |
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nanagko |
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become big |
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dagan |
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走る |
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nanagan |
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走った |
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dagan |
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run |
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nanagan |
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run |
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singgit |
叫ぶ |
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naninggit |
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叫んでいる |
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singgit |
cry |
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naninggit |
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crying |
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sakay |
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乗る |
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manakay |
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乗ろう |
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sakay |
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ride on |
manakay |
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will ride |
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tabi |
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話す |
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nahinabi |
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会見 |
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tabi |
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talk |
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nahinabi |
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interview |
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dawat |
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受ける |
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hinawat |
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受領 |
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dawat |
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receive |
hinawat |
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reception |
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tan-aw |
見る |
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nanan-aw |
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見た |
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tan-aw |
look |
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nanan-aw |
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looked |
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| 12-2 |
d→r |
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12-2 |
d→r |
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bayad |
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払う |
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bayari |
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払え |
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bayad |
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pay |
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bayari |
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pay |
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sayod |
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知る |
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kasayoran |
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知識・情報 |
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sayod |
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know |
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kasayoran |
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knowledge |
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manghud |
若い |
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kinamanghuran |
一番若い |
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manghud |
young |
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kinamanghuran |
youngest |
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nasod |
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場所、国 |
kanasoran |
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国々 |
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nasod |
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place |
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kanasoran |
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nations |
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| 12-3 |
p,b →m |
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12-3 |
p,b →m |
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pula |
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赤 |
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namula |
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赤面した |
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pula |
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red |
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namula |
blushed |
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baligya |
売る |
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namaligya |
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売っている |
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baligya |
sell |
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namaligya |
sold |
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| 12-4 |
接尾辞が着く場合の語尾変化 |
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12-4 |
a. Abbreviation of vowel when the last letter
of stem end consonant |
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語尾が子音で終わる場合、その前の母音が省略される。 |
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pugos |
force |
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pugsa |
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imperative |
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pugos |
強いる |
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pugsa |
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命令形 |
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kasal |
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marry |
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pakaslan |
nominalize |
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kasal |
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結婚 |
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pakaslan |
名詞化 |
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sunod |
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follow |
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sundon |
nominalize |
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sunod |
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従う |
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sundon |
名詞化 |
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sabot |
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understand |
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sabton |
nominalize |
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sabot |
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判る |
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sabton |
名詞化 |
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sugod |
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begin |
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sinugdan |
nominalize |
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sugod |
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始める |
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sugdan |
名詞化 |
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b. The last letter of stem end vowel |
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語幹が変化する例 |
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kita => kit-an |
mata => mat-an |
tagu => tag-an |
puyo => puy-an |
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a. |
語幹の最後が母音で終わる場合 |
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c. Diphthong |
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kita => kit-an |
mata => mat-an |
tagu => tag-an |
puyo => puy-an |
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buot =>but-an |
paon => pan-an |
tuon => tun-an |
taas => tas-an |
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b. |
二重母音の場合 |
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d. With the change of consonant |
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buot =>but-an |
paon => pan-an |
tuon => tun-an |
taas => tas-an |
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padala => padad-an |
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sala => sad-an |
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c. |
子音も変化する場合 |
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padala => padad-an |
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sala => sad-an |
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13 |
Affix 2 |
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| 13 |
接辞2 |
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In the case of prefix or suffix those
were already mentioned, they add some special meanings |
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接頭辞の場合は、ほとんどの場合特定の意味を持ちましたが、(naka-の場合は、 |
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to the words and adoptable almost all words.
But the following affixes are not always adoptable |
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できた、とか終わったというように)これから述べる接辞は、それほど明確ではありま |
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to all words and meaning change is not always
same direction. |
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せん。また必ずしも、root word が単独で現在も意味をなしているともかぎりません。 |
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In
some cases it may be better not to conscious as affixes but an complex word. |
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(接辞と意識しない方が良いかも知れません。) |
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13-1 |
Infix 'in' |
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| 13-1 |
接中辞 in |
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13-1-1 |
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Meaning of 'a little by little' or repeat |
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| 13-1-1 |
すこしづつ、繰り返しの意味をもつ場合 |
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bulan |
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month |
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binulan |
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monthly |
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bulan |
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月 |
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binulan |
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月々 |
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adlaw |
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day |
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inadlaw |
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daily |
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adlaw |
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日 |
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inadlaw |
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日々 |
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tuig |
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year |
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tinuig |
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yearly |
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tuig |
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年 |
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tinuig |
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毎年 |
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gagmay |
a little |
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ginagmay |
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a little by little |
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gagmay |
少し |
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ginagmay |
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少しづつ |
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utang |
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debt |
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inutang |
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installment |
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utang |
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借金 |
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inutang |
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月賦、年賦 |
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13-1-2 |
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Meaning 'which was done' |
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| 13-1-2 |
〜されたもの の意味から出来る名詞 |
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palit |
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buy |
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pinalit |
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purchased item |
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palit |
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買う |
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pinalit |
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購買品 |
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buhat |
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make |
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binuhat |
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man made (artificial) |
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buhat |
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造る |
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binuhat |
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人造物 |
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dapit |
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invite |
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dinapit |
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guest (invited one) |
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dapit |
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招く |
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dinapit |
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客 |
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bati |
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feel |
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binati |
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lover |
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bati |
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感じる |
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binati |
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恋人 |
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13-1-3 |
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Abstract nominalization with 'an' |
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| 13-1-3 |
an と共に(抽象)名詞化 |
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dagan |
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run |
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dinagan |
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scurry |
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dagan |
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走る |
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dinagan |
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疾走 |
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dali |
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haste |
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dinalian |
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emergency |
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dali |
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急ぐ |
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dinalian |
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緊急 |
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gikan |
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origin |
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ginikanan |
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ancestor |
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gikan |
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元 |
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ginikanan |
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先祖 |
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hangyo |
ask |
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hinangyan |
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discount |
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hangyo |
頼む |
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hinangyuan |
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値引 |
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sati |
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know |
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kasinatian |
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experience |
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sati |
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知る |
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kasinatian |
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経験 |
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tago |
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hide |
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tinagoan |
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secret |
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tago |
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隠す |
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tinagoan |
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秘密 |
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sugat |
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greet |
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sinugatan |
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souvenir |
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sugat |
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迎える |
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sinugatan |
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土産 |
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sugod |
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begin |
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sinugdan |
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beginning |
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sugod |
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始める |
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sinugdan |
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創始 |
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sulat |
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write |
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sinulatan |
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writing |
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sulat |
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書く |
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sinulatan |
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書法 |
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tuo |
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believe |
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tinuohan |
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belief |
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tuo |
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信ずる |
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tinuohan |
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宗教 |
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| 13-1-4 |
その他 |
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13-1-4 |
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Others |
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| 13-2 |
pagka-, nagka-, magka |
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13-2 |
pagka-, nagka-, magka |
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まずka-がついて名詞化することで、意味が狭義になります。それに「nag-」するが |
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It's nominalized first by 'ka' and next become verb by 'nag'. |
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付いたものです。 日本語の学ぶ⇒勉強⇒勉強する と同じ感覚です。 |
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By these process the meaning change more
narrow. |
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| 13-3 |
pang-, nang-,mang |
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13-3 |
pang-, nang-,mang |
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語幹が k, s で始まる場合、最初の子音が取れてしまうことが、あります。 |
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Sometimes if the first letter of word stem is
'k' or 's', the pag+'k/s' change to 'pang'. |
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katawa |
笑い |
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pagkatawa |
⇒ |
pangatawa |
笑うこと |
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katawa |
laugh |
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pagkatawa |
⇒ |
pangatawa |
laughing |
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kawat |
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盗み |
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nagkawat |
⇒ |
nangawat |
盗んだ |
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kawat |
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theft |
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nagkawat |
⇒ |
nangawat |
thieved |
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kuha |
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得る |
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nagkakuha |
⇒ |
nanguha |
取得する |
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kuha |
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get |
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nagkakuha |
⇒ |
nanguha |
acquire |
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| 13-4 |
pakig-, nakig-, makig-, nagpakig-, magpakig |
〜になりたい、仕掛ける、一緒にする |
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13-4 |
pakig-, nakig-, makig-, nagpakig-, magpakig |
wish to be …, going to do …, start to ... |
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higala |
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友達 |
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nagpakighigala |
友達になろうとする |
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higala |
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friend |
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nagpakighigala |
wish to be a friend of |
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away |
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喧嘩 |
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nakigaway |
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喧嘩を仕掛ける |
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away |
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quarrel |
nakigaway |
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try to fight with |
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kita |
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会う |
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Ayaw pagkigkita niya. |
彼に会おうとしちゃダメ。 |
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kita |
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meet |
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Ayaw pagkigkita niya. |
Don't try to meet him. |
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Makigkita ko nimo. |
お会いしたいのですが。 |
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Makigkita ko nimo. |
I'd like to meet you, |
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| 13-5 |
tig- |
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〜をする人 |
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13-5 |
tig- |
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The one who do … |
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alagad |
奉仕 |
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tig-alagad |
奉仕者、ホスト |
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alagad |
service |
tig-alagad |
host, care taker |
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dayeg |
賞賛 |
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tigdayeg |
賛美者 |
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dayeg |
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praise |
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tigdayeg |
admirer |
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patik |
印刷 |
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tigpatik |
印刷屋 |
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patik |
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print |
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tigpatik |
printer |
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| 13-6 |
ting- |
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〜の時期、季節 |
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13-6 |
ting- |
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Season of …, time of … |
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bulak |
花 |
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tingpamulak |
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春 |
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bulak |
flower |
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tingpamulak |
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spring |
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ulan |
雨 |
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ting-ulan |
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雨季 |
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ulan |
rain |
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ting-ulan |
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rainy season |
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ani |
収穫 |
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ting-ani |
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収穫期 |
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ani |
harvest |
ting-ani |
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harvest time |
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| 13-7 |
hi-, ika-, ha- |
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13-7 |
hi-, ika-, ha- |
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| 13-8 |
接辞による活用例 |
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13-8 |
Example of affix |
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sulti |
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話 |
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Ang sulti sa … |
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...による話では |
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sulti |
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Ang sulti sa … |
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the story by … |
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misulti |
話した |
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Misulti ba siya sa tinuod? |
彼は本当のこと話しましたか? |
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misulti |
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Misulti ba siya sa tinuod? |
Did he tell the truth? |
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mosulti |
未来形 |
Wala siya mosulti. |
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彼は話さなかった。 |
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mosulti |
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Wala siya mosulti. |
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He didn't tell. |
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nagsulti, nagasulti |
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話してる、話していた |
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nagasulti |
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Nagasulti siya sa maestro. |
He is talking with his teacher. |
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Nagasulti siya sa maestro. |
彼は先生に話している。 |
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magsulti |
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Magsulti ka ba sa maestro? |
Will you tell to our teacher? |
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magsulti |
未来形 |
Magsulti ka ba sa maestro? |
先生に話してくれる? |
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nakasulti |
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Nakasulti ko niya. |
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I have spoken to him. |
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nakasulti |
話した |
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Nakasulti ko niya. |
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彼に話しちゃった。 |
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makasulti |
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Makasulti ko karon ug bisaya. |
I can speak Visaya now. |
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makasulti |
話せる |
Makasulti ko karon ug bisaya. |
今やビサヤ語が話せます。 |
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sultihon |
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Soltihon ko ang tinuod sa pulis. |
I will tell the truth to the police. |
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sultihon |
話す(意志) |
Soltihon ko ang tinuod sa pulis. |
警察に正直に話します。 |
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sultihan |
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Sultihan siya nako. |
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I told him. |
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sultihan |
話す人は |
Sultihan siya nako. |
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私の話した人は彼です。 |
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nasulti |
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Nasulti ang tinuod niya sa pulis. |
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nasulti |
話された |
Nasulti niya ang tinuod sa pulis. |
彼は本当のことを警察に話した。 |
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The truth was told by him to the police. |
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masulti |
話される |
Dili masulti ang tinuod niya. |
彼は真実は述べない。 |
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masulti |
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future tense |
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gisulti |
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話したこと |
Dili tinuod ang imong gisulti. |
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gisulti |
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Wala tinuod ang imong gisulti |
What you told was not true. |
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gisultihan |
〃 |
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君の話したことは、本当じゃない。 |
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gisultihan |
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what was told |
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isulti |
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話される(未来) |
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isulti |
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Future tense |
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pagsulti |
動名詞 |
Ayaw pagsulti. |
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言わないで。 |
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pagsulti |
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Ayaw pagsulti. |
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Don't speak. |
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sinultihan |
言語 |
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Pila ang sinultihan sa Pilipinas? |
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sinultihan |
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Pila ang sinultihan sa Pilipinas? |
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フィリピンにはどの位言葉がありますか。 |
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How many languages in the Philippins. |
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pasulti |
話させる |
Nagpasulti siya nako. |
彼は私に話させた。 |
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pasulti |
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Nagpasulti siya nako. |
He let me tell. |
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Gipasulti ko niya. |
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私は彼に話させられた。 |
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Gipasulti ko niya. |
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He let me tell. |
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kasulti |
話すのは |
Kinsa imong kasulti? |
誰に話しているの? |
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kasulti |
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Kinsa imong kasulti? |
Whom are you speaking to? |
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Ang kasulti sa akong mama mao ang akong
maestra. |
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Ang kasulti sa akong mama mao ang akong
maister. |
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私の母が話している人は私の先生です。 |
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The one whom my mother is talking to is my
teacher. |
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Unsa imong ikasulti sa … |
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Unsa imong ikasulti sa … |
What can you say about … |
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…ついて、何とあなたは言いますか |
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kasultian |
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Kasultian ka ba nako sa akong problema? |
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kasultian |
話相手 |
Kasultian ka ba nako sa akong problema? |
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Could you talk with me about my problem? |
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私の問題で私の話相手になりますか?(相談に乗ってくれますか。) |
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sultianay |
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Nagsultianay ang akong ig-agaw ug ang akong
Mama. |
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sultianay |
話し合う |
Nagsultianay ang akong ig-agaw ug ang akong
Mama. |
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My cousin and my mother is talking together. |
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私のいとこと母が話合っています。 |
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| 14 補足 |
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14 |
Appendices |
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| 14-1 |
動詞が主語になる? |
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14-1 |
A verb can be a subject? |
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動詞に冠詞の ang を付けると主語として使えます。 |
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Putting 'ang' in front of verb makes subject as
well. |
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「〜したのは」 「〜するのは」 とする日本語と同じです。 |
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It's like similar to a relative pronoun. |
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Unsay imong gipalit. |
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何を買ったのですか。 |
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Unsay imong gipalit. |
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What have you bought? |
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Kinsa ang nagpalit ug kapayas? |
パパイヤを買ったのは誰ですか。 |
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Kinsa ang nagpalit ug kapayas? |
Who bought the papaya? |
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Ang nagpalit miuban pagsinggit. |
買い物した人は一緒に叫んだ。 |
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Ang nagpalit miuban pagsinggit. |
The person who was buying shout together. |
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Ang gipalit niya daotan. |
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彼の買ったのは傷んでいた。 |
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Ang gipalit niya daotan. |
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His bought one was rotten. |
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| 14-2 |
Dili |
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14-2 |
Using 'dili' makes fertile expression |
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Nag-ipon sila bisan dili kasal. |
彼らは結婚もしないで一緒に住んでいる。 |
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Nagipon sila bisan dili kasal. |
They are living together without marriage. |
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Kinahanglan kang mokaon ug utanon dili lang kay
karne. |
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Kinahanglan kang mokaon ug utanon dili lang kay
karne. |
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肉ばかりでなく野菜を食べなさい。 |
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You need to eat vegetable not only meat. |
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Dili lang kay isda anaa sa tubig. |
水中に住むのは魚ばかりではありません。 |
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Dili lang kay isda anaa sa tubig. |
Not only fish are living in water. |
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Ang kadaghanan, kon dili man tanan, |
全部でないにしても殆どは |
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Ang kadaghanan, kon dili man tanan, |
Almost, if not all, |
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Dili out of choice kon dili out of necessity. |
好んでと言うより、必要性から |
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Dili out of choice kon dili out of necessity. |
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Not from out of choice but from out of
necessity |
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| 14-3 |
ug |
ug はand の意味で使われる ugの他に次の使われ方があります。 |
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違いを明確にするために、 og とする方が良いという人もいます。また og は特に |
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14-3 |
ug |
'ug' is used same as 'and' in English but
there is another 'ug' or 'og'. |
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'g あるいは単にg として前の単語に付ける場合が多いようです。 |
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特に前の単語が母音で終わる場合は、単にg をつける場合が多く見られます。 |
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14-3-1 |
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A postpositional particle to show the object
of action or to specify the action. |
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一般に、混用されています。 |
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(it can be shown sometimes as 'g or simply g
is attached to the end of the former word) |
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| 14-3-1 |
動作の内容、対象を表す助詞としての ug。 日本語の「〜を」 |
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Nagbuhat siya ug daob. |
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He made a bonfire. |
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Nagbuhat siya ug daob. |
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彼は焚き火をした。 |
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Sa dili pa nako sugdan, tagai ko ug higayon,
sa pagpangayo ug katahoran. |
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Sa dili pa nako sugdan, tagai ko ug higayon,
sa pagpangayo ug katahoran. |
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Before we start, give me the chance to ask a
greeting. |
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始める前に、お時間を頂いて、ご挨拶をお願いします。(させてくださいとも取れます) |
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sakay ug ayroplano: ride in an airplane |
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basa ug libro: read a book |
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sakay ug ayroplano 飛行機に乗る |
basa ug libro 本を読む |
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padad-an ug postcard: send a postcard |
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dakop ug isda: catch a fish |
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padad-an ug postcard 葉書を送る |
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dakop ug isda 魚を捕る |
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pangita ug sth : look for sth |
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hatag ug sth : give sth |
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pangita ug 〜を探す |
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hatag ug 〜を与える |
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butang ug 〜を置く |
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himo ug sth : do sth |
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butang ug sth : place sth |
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himo ug 〜をする |
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| 14-3-2 |
形容詞の場合でも使うところが、日本語と違います。強いて言えば「〜が」に近い。 |
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14-3-2 |
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Similar usage as ligature |
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Daghan ako ug igsoon nga dalaga. |
私は、姉妹が多い。 |
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Daghan ako ug igsoon nga dalaga. |
I have plenty of sisters. |
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Gikapoy ko ug dula. |
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私は、ゲームに疲れた。 |
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Gikapoy ko ug dula. |
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I was tired to play. |
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Taas ka ug garbo. |
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君は、プライドが高い。 |
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Taas ka ug garbo. |
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You have a high pride. |
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Gamay siya ug hawak. |
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彼女は、腰が細い。 |
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Gamay siya ug hawak. |
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She has a slim waist. |
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| 14-4 |
sa |
sa もまた、実に色々な使われ方をします。 |
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14-4 |
sa |
'sa' also similar usage as a postpositional
particle |
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動作の対象を表す助詞としての sa |
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to indicate a subject/object of verb (action) |
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Padayon kamo sa inyong buhat. |
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君たちの仕事を続けなさい。 |
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Padayon kamo sa inyong buhat. |
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Continue your work. |
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paggukod sa baboy |
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豚を追いかける |
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paggukod sa baboy |
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chase a pig |
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trabaho uban sa singot |
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汗と共に働く |
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trabaho uban sa singot |
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work in a sweat |
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Naulahi ko sa biyahe. |
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私は旅行に遅れた。 |
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Naulahi ko sa biyahe. |
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I was late for the trip. |
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Nakabalita ka sa tulis nga nahitabo? |
強盗事件を知ってるかい。 |
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Nakabalita ka sa tulis nga nahitabo? |
Do you know the happening of robbery. |
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Naulaw siya sa iyang hugaw nga sapot. |
彼の汚れた服が恥かしかった。 |
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Naulaw siya sa iyang hugaw nga sapot. |
He was ashamed of his dirty clothes. |
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Ayaw pagundang sa trabaho. |
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仕事をやめるな。 |
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Ayaw pagundang sa trabaho. |
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Don't quit your job. |
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Miabaga ako sa tanang gastohan. |
全出費を自分で負担した。 |
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Miabaga ako sa tanang gastohan. |
I have shouldered all expenses. |
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Wala ko makauyon sa imong plano. |
君の計画には賛成できない。 |
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Wala ko makauyon sa imong plano. |
I can't agree with you plan. |
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Tungang gabii sa dihang ang sakyanan napuli sa
kalabasa. |
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Tungang gabii sa dihang ang sakyanan napuli sa
kalabasa. |
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馬車がカボチャに変わったのは夜12時だった。 |
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It was at midnight when the carriage changed to
a squash. |
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範囲を示す sa 中の一部をクローズアップする場合 |
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to indicate an area, to focus a part |
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usa sa mga kauban |
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同行者の一人 |
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usa sa mga kauban |
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one of the group |
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Molakaw ta sayo sa buntag ugma. |
明日、朝早く出かけましょう。 |
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Molakaw ta sayo sa buntag ugma. |
Let's go early tomorrow morning. |
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Naagian nako ang kalisud sa kinabuhi. |
人生の困難さを経験した。 |
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Naagian nako ang kalisud sa kinabuhi. |
I have experienced the difficulty of the life. |
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Itom kaayo ang sulod sa imong tiyan. |
彼の腹の中は真っ黒だ。 |
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Itom kaayo ang sulod sa imong tiyan. |
He is black-hearted. |
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Pataas sa tuhod paa. |
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膝の上が腿です。 |
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Pataas sa tuhod paa. |
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The upper of knee is thigh. |
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範囲を示す sa 場所、時を示す。 |
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Niagi ko sa gamay karsada. |
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狭い通りを通った |
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to indicate location, place or time |
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Monan-aw ta sa sine sa umaabot Dominggo. |
今度の日曜に映画を見よう。 |
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Niagi ko sa gamay karsada. |
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I have passed through a narrow street. |
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Moadto ko sa Sugbo ugma sa buntag. |
明日朝、僕はセブに行く。 |
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Moadto ta sa sine sa umaabot Dominggo. |
Let's go to cinema coming Sunday. |
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他の場所、時間の単語を副詞化する。 |
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Moadto ko sa Sugbo ugma sa buntag. |
I will go to Cebu tomorrow morning. |
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sa atubangan |
前に、まえで |
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sa ibabaw |
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上で |
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to make adverb |
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sa dili pa |
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〜する前に |
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sa ilalum |
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下で |
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sa atubangan |
in the front |
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sa ibabaw |
above |
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sa gawas |
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外で |
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sa kanunay |
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いつも |
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sa dili pa |
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before |
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sa ilalum |
underneath |
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sa palibot |
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周りで |
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sa gawas |
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in the outside |
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sa kanunay |
always |
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giguyod sa atong iro |
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犬に引っ張られる |
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sa palibot |
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around |
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Siya ang akusado sa pagpangawat. |
彼は窃盗の容疑者です。 |
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giguyod sa atong iro |
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pulled by our dog |
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Tudlo-inang mga bata sa katarung. |
子供たちに理由を教えなさい。 |
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Siya ang akusado sa pagpangawat. |
He is a thief suspect. |
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Hatagi kami ug tugot sa pagtugpa. |
着陸の許可を下さい。 |
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Tudlo-i nang mga bata sa katarung. |
Teach those children the reason. |
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Hatagi kami ug tugot sa pagtugpa. |
Give us landing permission. |
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| 14-5 |
リガチュアの補足 |
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14-5 |
Supplementary examples of ligature |
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Siya akong gisuntok. |
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私は彼を殴った。 |
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Siya akong gisuntok. |
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I struck him. |
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これはまた |
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It can be expressed as |
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Ako siyang gisuntok. |
ということが出来ます。つまり リガチュアは |
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Ako siyang gisuntok. |
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(Siya + ako) nga gisuntok で ( )の中の順番は構わないのです。 |
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(Siya + ako) nga gisuntok. We don't mind the sequence inside of ( ). |
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この場合のakoは所有格なわけです。 |
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In this sentence 'ako' is possessive case. |
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では 彼が私を殴った。という場合はどうなるかというと、 |
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So, how about in case of "He struck
me." |
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Ako iyang gisuntok. |
または |
Iya akong gisuntok. |
Iya kong gisuntok. |
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Ako iyang gisuntok. |
or |
Iya akong gisuntok. |
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この場合のakoは主格なわけです。 |
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In this sentence 'ako' is nominative case. |
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Ako gisuntok niya. |
も勿論あります。 |
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Ako gisuntok niya. |
also OK. |
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蛇足かもしれませんが、二人称の場合も書きましょう。 |
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Additionally more samples for second person. |
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Ikaw akong gisuntok. |
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私はおまえを叩いた。 |
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Ikaw akong gisuntok. |
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I struck you. |
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Ako kang gisuntok. |
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〃 |
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Ako kang gisuntok. |
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I struck you. |
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Imo akong gisuntok. |
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おまえは私を叩いた。 |
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Imo akong gisuntok. |
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You struck me. |
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Ako imong gisuntok. |
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〃 |
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Ako imong gisuntok. |
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You struck me. |
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| 14-6 |
接尾辞 -a の別な使われ方 |
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14-6 |
Suffix '-a' |
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| a. |
名詞の現在進行形? Karon と共に |
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a. Progressive form of noun? …with 'karon' |
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karong gabiona と karong gabii の違い |
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Difference between 'karong gabiona' and 'karong
gabii' |
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今日の夜、まだ夜になっていないときにはkarong gabii を使います。もう既に夜になっている |
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If not yet night now, you should use 'gabii'
and if already night, use gabiona. |
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時には、karong gabiona/kabhiona を使います。 |
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Alimuot kaayo karong gabiona. |
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It's muggy tonight. |
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Alimuot kaayo karong gabiona. |
今夜はむしますね。 |
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Magtugpa ang bagyo karong gabii
kuno. |
They say that the typhoon will land tonight. |
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Motugpa ang bagyo karong gabii kuno. |
今夜にも台風が上陸するそうだ。 |
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There are some other nouns which denote
progressive by putting '-a'. |
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同様にadlaw, buntag, hapon, semana, bulan, tuig 等の時をあらわす名詞の語尾に -a を |
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Atong humanon ang trabaho karong buntaga. |
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つけることで、現在形にすることができます。 |
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Let's finish the work in this morning. |
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Atong humanon ang trabaho karong buntaga. |
午前中に仕事を終わらせましょう。 |
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Naay trafic accident karong buntag. |
There was a traffic accident this morning. |
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Naay traffic accident karong buntag. |
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今日の午前、交通事故があったそうだ。 |
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(now already afternoon) |
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buntag |
buntaga |
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gabii |
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gabhiona |
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buntag |
buntaga |
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gabii |
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gabhiona |
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hapon |
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hapona |
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adlaw |
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adlawa |
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hapon |
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hapona |
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adlaw |
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adlawa |
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semana |
semanaha |
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bulan |
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bulana |
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semana |
semanaha |
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bulan |
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bulana |
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tuig |
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tuiga |
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tuig |
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tuiga |
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| b. |
人称代名詞の所有格に付けて、〜のもの |
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b. Put to personal pronoun |
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akoa |
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私のもの |
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akoa |
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mine |
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imoha |
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あなたのもの |
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imoha |
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yours |
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iyaha |
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彼のもの |
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iyaha |
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his/hers |
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atoa |
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私たちのもの |
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atoa |
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ours |
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inyoha |
あなた方のもの |
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inyaha |
yours |
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ilaha |
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彼らのもの |
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ilaha |
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theirs |
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| c. |
名詞につけて眼前にあることを示す |
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c. Put to noun feeling of before one's
eyes |
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aning dalana |
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dihang dapita |
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aning dalana |
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anang panahuna |
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dihang dapita |
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anang panahuna |
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| 戻る |
Welcome ページに戻る |
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Return to Welcome page |
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Jump to |
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| 使い方 辞書の使い方他 |
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First How to use this
textbook |
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| 文法
一度目を通すとビサヤ語がわかりやすくなります。 |
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Grammar |
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| 単語例 良く使われる単語とその例文 |
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Words Collection of useful
words |
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| 簡単な表現 一口ビサヤ、簡単な表現集です。 |
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Simple expressions |
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| 日常会話 う〜ん、むしろあまり使われないかな? |
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Daily conversations |
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| 辞書 辞書は重いので時間がかかります。高速回線の方のみOKです。 |
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Dictionary Bisayan-Japanese-English |
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辞書エクセルファイルでダウンロード方はこちらです。 |
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It takes long time to down load !! |
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辞書CSVファイルでダウンロード方はこちらです。 |
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Dictionary in Excel
file This
is quicker ! |
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Dictionary in CSV file |
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